Foundations of Epidemiology
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in human populations and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems
What is Epidemiology?
This triangle is based on the infectious disease model and is useful in showing the interaction and interdependence of four epidemiologic factors
What is The Epidemiology Triangle?
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is Primary Prevention?
An object such as a piece of clothing, a door handle, or a utensil that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission
What is a Fomite?
Immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another
What is Direct Transmission?
Finding and quantifying associations, testing hypothesis, and identifying causes of health-related states or events
What is Analytic Epidemiology?
The cause of a disease
What is Agent?
Aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease
What is Secondary Prevention?
An invertebrate animal that transmits infection by conveying the infectious agent from one host to another
What is Vector?
Occurs when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting disease
What is Indirect Transmission?
The occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region.
What is Epidemic?
A human or animal that is susceptible to the disease
What is Host?
Requires behavior change on the part of the individual
What is Active Primary Prevention?
The habitat in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, multiplies, and on which it depends for its survival in nature
What is Reservoir?
Occurs when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection
What is Airborne Transmission?
An epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent.
What is Pandemic?
Surroundings and conditions external to human or animal that cause or allow disease transmission
What is Environment?
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual
What is Passive Primary Prevention?
A nonliving intermediary such as a fomite, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host
What is Vehicle?
When an arthropod conveys the infection agent
What is Vector-borne Transmission?
The ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people.
What is Endemic?
Represents the incubation period, life expectancy of the host or the pathogen, and duration of the course of the illness or condition
What is Time?
Consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What is Tertiary Prevention?
Contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious agent
What is Carrier?
Related to fomites, food, or water that acts as a conveyance
What is Vehicle-borne Transmission?