Types of Carriers
a person or animal that transmits a disease-causing organism to others
What is Carrier?
The different ways in which disease is transferred.
What are Modes of Transmission?
An effort to prevent a disease or disorder before it happens.
What is primary prevention?
A standard set of criteria applied in a specific situation to ensure that cases are consistently diagnosed, regardless of where or when they were identified and who diagnosed the case.
What is case definition?
A field of science that studies health problems within populations.
What is epidemiology?
An individual who has been ex- posed to and harbor a pathogen but have not become ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease.
What are healthy carriers?
A disease that results when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host.
What is Indirect Transmission
A behavior change on the part of the individual that prevents disease or disorder before it happens
What is active primary prevention?
Those who are directly exposed to an outbreak
What is a primary case?
A disease that is regularly found in a certain area
What is endemic?
A person who harbors the pathogen during the recovery phase of the course of the disease.
What are convalescent carriers?
The transfer of bacteria or viruses on dust particles or on small respiratory droplets that may become aerosolized when individuals sneeze, cough, laugh, or exhale.
What is an airborne transmission?
Any activities aimed at health screening and early detection in order to improve the likelihood of cure and reduce the chance of disability or death.
What is secondary prevention?
Those who were infected through exposure to a primary case
What is a secondary case?
A spread of infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease at different places or intervals.
What are intermittent carriers?
The transfer of a pathogen to a susceptible host by a vector, with the pathogen undergoing reproduction, developmental changes, or both while in the vector.
What is biological transmission?
does not require behavior change on the part of the individual in order to prevent a disease or disorder from occurring
What is passive primary prevention?
An individual who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed as having the disease, or had the cause of the symptoms connected to a suspected pathogen.
What is a suspect case?
provides a description of the who (person), what (clinical characteristics), when (time), and where (place) aspects of health-related states or events in a population.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
An individual exposed to and who harbor a pathogen, are in the beginning stages of the disease, are showing symptoms, and have the ability to transmit the disease.
What are incubatory carriers?
A vector-borne disease transmission process occurs when the pathogen, in order to spread, uses a host (e.g., a fly, flea, louse, rat) as a mechanism for a ride, for nourishment, or as part of a physical transfer process.
What is mechanical transmission?
Any efforts to limit disability by providing rehabilitation where disease, injury, or a disorder has already occurred and caused damage
The first identified case in a group of related cases of a particular communicable or heritable disease.
What is an index case?
A study that involves answering the questions: Why and How. These questions are addressed using hypotheses about relationships and statistical tests for assessing the hypotheses. A comparison group is involved.
What is analytic epidemiology?