Biological Clocks
The Sleep Cycle
Dreams
Sleep Deprivation
Consciousness and Hypnosis
100
What is entrainment?
The process of altering a free-running cycle.
100
How many REM periods would you have on average in 8 hours of sleep?
4-5
100
Freud believed that dreams could be used to study ________.
The unconscious mind.
100
What happened to rats that were sleep deprived for five days?
They died.
100
What is consciousness?
An organism's awareness of itself and its surroundings.
200
What is a free-running cycle?
A biological clock that works independent of outside influences.
200
Brain waves during REM sleep are most similar to brain waves during which other stage?
awake
200
What is the difference between the latent part of the dream and the manifest part of the dream?
manifest - what actually happens latent - hidden meaning
200
How can sleep deprivation affect your health? Describe an experiment that showed this.
It can lead to prediabetes. In one experiment, college students were limited to four hours of sleep for six days. By the end of the experiment, they were prediabetic.
200
What is meditation?
A form of self-control in which the outside world is cut off from consciousness.
300
What is a circadian rhythm? Give an example.
A circadian rhythm is a sequence of behavior that occurs every 24 hours.
300
What a three theories about why we sleep? Which is the most likely to be true?
1. energy conservation 2. restoration 3. information processing and memory consolidation 3 is most likely
300
What are three theories about why we dream?
1.) information processing/memory consolidation 2.) to work out problems 3.) to make sense of random stimulation to the brain.
300
How does sleep deprivation affect emotional control? Describe the experiment that demonstrated this.
It causes you to become more emotional. Subjects were deprived of sleep for 35 hours and then shown traumatic images. They showed a greater response in their amygdalas than the subjects who were not sleep deprived.
300
Who was Anton Mesmer? What did he claim to be able to do, and why were his methods effective?
A physician in the late 1700's who claimed he had magnetic powers that could cure ailments. His methods were effective because of the placebo effect.
400
What is a biological clock?
An internal chemical unit that controls regular cycles in the body.
400
What are three differences between REM and nREM sleep?
REM - rapid eye movement, vivid images, get longer as the night goes on, paralyzed body nREM - non-rapid eye movement, partial/vague images, shorter as the night goes on, growth hormone is secreted.
400
When are you most likely to sleepwalk or sleep talk?
nREM stage 4
400
What happened to Peter Tripp's brain waves during the experiment?
They started to follow the normal pattern for sleep, and he hallucinated during his REM periods.
400
What is the difference between the unconscious and the subconscious? Give an example of each.
The subconscious is consciousness that is below our awareness, whereas the unconscious is thoughts and feelings that we have no direct knowledge of.
500
What was the goal of Michel Siffre's study?
To discover how the natural rhythms of life would be affected by living "beyond time"
500
Which type of brain waves occur during stage 1 sleep?
alpha
500
List three differences between nightmares and night terrors.
Nightmares- REM, mild physiological changes, vivid images Night Terrors - nREM, body is not prepared, drastic bodily changes, associated with panic, more common in children.
500
Why does sleep deprivation cause cravings for junk food?
You ghrelin levels rise and your leptin levels drop.
500
What is hypnosis?
A state of relaxation in which attention is focused on certain objects, acts, or feelings.
M
e
n
u