Head
What are the 5 Cranium Plates
Frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid, occipital
What does the neck hold?
Trachea, Carotid arteries, esophagus, c-spine, muscles, tissues.
What are the primary Facial bones?
Orbits and nose, maxillae, zygomatic bones, mandible
Types of Intracranial Hemorrhage?
Shaken baby syndrome symptoms
Symptoms include irritability, difficulty staying awake, seizures, abnormal breathing, poor eating, bruises, and vomiting.
4 Types of skull fractures
Extra credit for 5
Linear nondisplaced, open, depressed, penetration. Extra 50 points for Basilar
How to treat a sucking neck wound?
Prevent this by immediately covering open neck wound with gloved hand then an occlusive dressing.
Two fluid-filled cavities in the eyes?
Aqueous humor and viscous vitreous humor
What is a battle sign a sign of?
Signs and Symptoms of ICP
Posturing, Hypo or hypertension, abnormal pupils.
Head injuries can also have headaches and vomiting.
How to treat a scalping?
Put the skin in the correct place as best as possible and wrap in place.
What are can JVD mean?
Pneumo, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, tamponade.
How to treat an impaled object in the cheek?
Leave it in unless obstructs airway.
Compare symptoms of an epidural and subdural hematoma.
Epidural with remain conscious initially and does not lose consciousness until the ICP increases within minutes to 48 hours.
Subdural hematoma's signs often show fluctuating level of consciousness, focal neurological signs and slurred speech. acute signs develop within 48 hours. subacute develops within 2-14 days and chronic appears 14 days to several months.
What is Coup Contrecoup?
Brain goes back and forth and hits skull
What does a spiderweb glass pattern mean?
Possible head injury
How to open airway?
Head-tilt-chin lift or jaw thrust.
Sign of detached retina
Dark area around vision
How to treat ICP?
Do not give opioids, controlled ventilation.
IV fluids to maintain systolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg
Maintain normal body temperature.
Check blood glucose level; treat hypoglycemia.
Describe Le Forte Facial Fracture Classification
1 to the maxilla
2 to the bridge of the nose
3 forehead
Which skull fracture has the highest fatality rates?
Basilar
What is distraction spinal injury?
Distraction forces are the opposite of compression forces, parts of the body are pulled in opposite directions.
Should you put an eye back in the socket?
NO
What is crushing's triad?
Cushing’s reflex and irregular breathing pattern
Cushing’s reflex: Increasing blood pressure, decreasing heart rate
Components of Neuro exam
Determine if history of altered mental status or loss
of consciousness after injury. Assess level of responsiveness and mental status. Check pupils for size, equality, reactivity to light. Look for neurologic deficits.