Asepsis & Infection Prevention
What is the difference between medical and surgical asepsis?
Medical Asepsis(Clean Technique): practices that reduce the number of pathogens and prevent the spread of pathogens from a person to person or place to place
Surgical Asepsis(Sterile Technique): practice that keep equipment and supplies free from ALL microbes and their spores
Define semi-Fowlers position
A semi-sitting position in bed, the head of the bed is elevated 30-45 degrees
How should an unconscious patient be positioned for mouth care?
On the side
How much urine does a adult normally void in a day?
1500mL
What would a Type 6 stool look like?
fluffy pieces with ragged edges, mushy
What are the 3 types of transmission based isolation precautions?
BONUS: Correctly describe what PPE is required for each type of transmission based isolation precaution
Airborne: N95 respirator, gown, gloves, eye protection
Droplet: surgical/medical face mask, gown, gloves, eye protection
Contact: surgical/medical face mask, gown, gloves
How often should an immobile patient be repositioned?
Every 2 hours
What are the 4 principles of perineal care? (Think direction)
- from cleanest area to dirtiest
-from the front of the client to the back
-from the top to the bottom
-from the area farthest from to to the area closest to you
Which urine specimen collection method require the perineal area to be cleansed prior to collection?
What are 3 factors that promote elimination as part of a bowel training program?
-high fibre diet
-increased fluids
-warm fluids
-activity
-privacy
What are the 4 types of micro-organisms?
Bacteria- example: Salmonella enteritidis, Helicobacter pylori, Staphylocaccus aureus
Viruses- example: varicella zoster, hepatitis A,B,C, influenza, COVID-19
Fungi- example: ringworm, candida
Parasites- example: lice, mites, Giardia and Trichomonas
Define Sim's position
Left side lying position in which the right leg is sharply so that it is not resting on the left leg. The left arm is positioned along the clients back.
Define alopecia
Hair loss
Where should a patients catheter bag be positioned?
Below the bladder
What is a black, tarry stool called?
Melena
Describe the chain of infection
Pathogen-Resovoir-Portal of Exit-Mode of Transmission-Portal of Entry-Susceptible Host
What assistive devices are used to prevent pressure sores?
-air mattress
-ROHO cushions
-foam wedge pillows
-pressure offloading boots
-regular pillows
What are some ways to prevent edema?
-elevate the affected extremity
-compression stockings
-ROM exercises
Define oliguria
small amount of urine output-less than 500mL in 24 hours
What would a healthy stoma look like?
-pink or red in colour
-moist
-protrudes slightly from abdomen(not bulging)
Name 4 signs/symptoms of infection
-fever/chills
-increased pulse and respiration rate
-aches, pains, tenderness
-fatigue and loss of appetite
-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-rash
-sores on the mucous membranes
-discharge or drainage from the infected area
-new or increasec ouch, sore throat, nasal congestions
-behavioural changes
When transferring a patient with left sided weakness, which side should you move first?
The patients unaffected side is moved first(the right side)
Generally, what is the ideal temperature for bath water?
40.5 degrees Celsius BUT always refer to facility policy and patient preference
Name 3 signs/symptoms of a UTI
-painful urination
-urinary urgency
-urinary frequency
-hematuria
-pain around the genitals
Would it be acceptable to collect a stool sample from a container that also had a small amount of urine in it?
No. Urine can interfere with test results.