The Physics of Sports Injury
What are 2 examples of connective tissue?
*Ligaments
*Bone
*Retinaculum
*Joint Capsules
*Cartilage
*Fascia
*Tendons
Name 2 normal signs or symptoms of inflammation.
*Swelling or edema
*Pain
*Reddening of the skin (erythema)
*Increased temperature in the affected area
*Loss of function
TRUE or FALSE: Scar tissue can be 95% as strong as the original tissue
TRUE
True or False: Exercise can have a negative effect on collagen formation.
FALSE
What is another name for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
NSAIDs
What are all 3 processes of healing?
* Acute Phase (Inflammatory)
*Resolution (Fibroblastic)
*Regeneration/Repair (Maturation and Remodeling)
Define Hematoma
Is the localized collection of blood in the damaged area
Scar formation may take up to how long?
Up to 4 months
How long is required for collagen formation and tissue regeneration?
2-3weeks
Within minutes the _________ process begins.
Inflammatory
What type of force pulls tissue in opposite ways or apart?
Tensile
What is the purpose of the inflammation phase?
Walling off of the damaged area from the rest of the body. The process acts to clean up the debris and provide chemical an enzymatic components for healing.
When looking at ligaments, muscles, and tendons, which heals the fastest?
Maria is in the clinic and needs someone to move her shoulder through the range of motion for her. What type of exercise would that be?
Passive
TRUE or FALSE: Thermotherapeutic agents can be applied to an acute injury whole redness is present.
FALSE
When the muscle is elongating, what type of contraction is that? (EXP: stepping down from a step, coming down from a bicep curl)
Eccentric
What is 1 job of the phagocytosis during the inflammatory phase?
*Removes dead or dying cells
*Helps begin healing via arachidonic acid
Bone tissue heals by way of specialized cells. This process is called__________
Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts
Jerry wants to jazz up his workout and decides to add add a resistive band to his side steps. What type of exercise would that be?
Resistive
What helps protect an injury until healing has occurred?
Pain
Bones are designed to resist what kind of force?
Compressive
What are 2 reasons the body releases prostaglandins?
*Blood clotting
*Vasodilation
*Permeability
*Pain
Define angiogenesis
The formation of new capillaries.
What are 2 examples of an active assistive exercise?
*Lung with chair
*Heel raise with table
*ROM with pole
What type of treatment may,
*reduce vasodilation in the first few minutes after injury
*has analgesic effect and reduces muscle spasm
*reduces secondary hypoxic injury
Cryotherapy