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a long-lasting health condition, typically lasting one year or more, that requires ongoing medical attention or limits activities of daily living, or both
Chronic Disease
a group of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular Disease
a type of chest pain or discomfort caused by a reduced blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium)
Angina Pectoris
occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked
heart attack
a rapid and uncoordinated contraction of muscle fibers, typically in the heart or skeletal muscles
Fibrillation
a medical condition that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cells to die
Stroke
a medical condition where bleeding occurs within the brain tissue
Cerebral hemorrhage
an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall.
Aneurysm
a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division
Cancer
an abnormal growth of tissue that arises from uncontrolled cell proliferation
Tumor
Malignant cells grow in an uncontrolled way and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph system. Term to describe cancer.
Malignant
the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer.
Metastasis
a gene which in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell.
Oncogene
a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.
Carcinogen
an examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease.
Biopsy
a disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine.
Diabetes
a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.
Insulin
a damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially pollen, fur, a particular food, or dust, to which it has become hypersensitive.
Allergy
a substance that causes an allergic reaction.
Allergen
a chemical compound found in the body's cells, particularly mast cells in the immune system, that plays a key role in allergic reactions by causing symptoms like vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and increased vascular permeability, which leads to swelling, itching, and inflammation
Histamine
a group of conditions that cause inflammation and pain in the joints
Arthritis
a chronic joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, the protective tissue that cushions the ends of bones
Osteoarthritis
a chronic progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints and resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in the fingers, wrists, feet, and ankles
Rheumatoid Arthritis