Infectious Disease
This is one of the public health measures that were responsible for eradicating many infectious diseases by the 1960's
What are: vaccinations, water purification and sanitation, improved personal hygiene, sewage disposal and treatment?
A substance or agent that causes birth defects
What is a teratogen?
Socioeconomic status is a measure of these three constructs
What are income, employment, and education?
This is the addictive substance naturally occurring in tobacco products
What is nicotine?
This is the leading cause of injury death in the US in 2023
What is poisoning (driven mostly by drug overdose deaths)?
Public health behavioral interventions focus on these two areas
What are Education and Regulation?
A place where a pathogen lives and multiplies before invading a noninfected person
This genetic condition is caused by having an extra copy of chromosome 21
What is Down Syndrome?
Generally, changing aspects of THIS is a more effective strategy for modifying health behaviors than changing an individual's behavior
What is the environment?
This type of nicotine delivery system vaporizes tobacco, but may or may not be safer
What are vaporizers/e-cigarettes?
Seatbelt laws are an example of this type of injury prevention (options: primary, secondary, tertiary)
What is primary?
This is one method of HIV transmission
What are: parent to child, sexual contact, share of needles/blood
The "chain of BLANK" describes the relationship between a pathogen, host, and environment
What is the Chain of Infection?
This is the second most deadly chronic illness in the United States
What is cancer?
A model that describes five inter-related levels of influence (e.g., interpersonal level, community level) that influence risk of health-related problems
What is the Socio-ecological model?
This flavor/type of cigarette has historically been marketed to Black Americans
What are menthol cigarettes?
Much like infectious disease transmission, injury deaths are understood to be a result of factors involving the host, agent, and THIS
What is the environment?
Cholera is this type of infectious disease
What is a bacterial infection?
Prevention of disease in the community is possible through vaccination if we reach this threshold
What is herd immunity?
This condition affects the development of the neural tube of a fetus and can be prevented through taking folic acid as a supplement
What is Spina Bifida?
This is one example of how having higher SES can affect your health
For example: having a gym membership, living in a place with cleaner air and water, etc
This brand of cigarettes markets to women worldwide, with "You've Come a Long Way Baby"?
What are Virginia Slims?
These are the 2nd and 3rd leading causes of injury death in the United States in 2023
What are motor vehicle crashes and firearms injuries?
This term describes personal confidence and belief that one can and will carry out a behavior
What is self-efficacy?
This animal is the suspected reservoir for the Ebola virus
What are fruit bats?
This chronic disease is the number one leading cause of death in the United States
What is heart disease?
Bullying prevention interventions that target schools are seeking change at this level of influence in the ecological model
What is community level?
Regulation of this kind of tobacco advertising has been especially effective in Australia
What is plain packaging?
These are the "three E's of injury prevention"
What are Education, Enforcement, and Engineering?
This Health Behavior model considers an individual's perceptions and beliefs about a threat and how it relates to them and their behavior
What is the Health Belief Model?