Food Production
A predictable consequence of overuse of antibiotics in livestock is:
A) reduced transmission of bacteria to humans
B) increased effectiveness of antibiotics in treating human disease
C) decreased antibiotic resistance in bacteria
D) increased share of bacteria population resistant to antibiotics
D) increased share of bacteria population resistant to antibiotics
A pregnant woman is advised to limit her consumption of certain types of fish. Which substance is likely of concern?
A) lead
B) cadmium
C) mercury
D) arsenic
C) mercury
T or F: PM2.5 refers to particulates 2.5 meters in diameter.
False
Which best describes the results of the Reuben et al. study?
A) Blood Lead Levels (BLL) association with psychopathology symptoms were stronger than most other risk factors
B) Childhood BLLs had no lasting impact on adult mental health
C) The association between childhood blood lead levels and psychopathology in adulthood was insignificant
D) Higher childhood blood lead levels were associated with greater symptoms of psychopathology in adulthood
D) Higher childhood blood lead levels were associated with greater symptoms of psychopathology in adulthood
Although they are considered a renewable energy source, the use of biomass fuels typically results in high concentrations of PM and gases indoors.
A) True
B) False
A) True
In the US, the most common animals raised in CAFOs are:
A) poultry
B) beef cattle
C) dairy cattle
D) swine
A) poultry
Exposure to this metal can result in ADHD and problems with memory attention in children.
A) hexavalent chromium
B) beryllium
C) lead
D) cadmium
C) lead
Which fossil fuel emits the most particulate matter per unit of energy produced?
A) coal
B) diesel fuel
C) oil
D) natural gas
A) coal
Which of the following is NOT an exposure pathway of phthalates among hair dressers? (Boyle et al.)
A) Dermal absorption through contact with products
B) Inhalation of products
C) Inhalation of dust containing phthalates
D)Ingestion of dust containing phthalates
D) Ingestion of dust containing phthalates
What is the primary federal policy governing drinking water quality in the US?
A) the Clean Water Act
B) the Safe Drinking Water Act
C) the Food Quality Protection Act
D) the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
B) the Safe Drinking Water Act
Mad cow disease is the non-technical name for:
A) foot-and-mouth disease
B) mastitis (udder inflammation)
C) bovine spongiform encephalopathy
D) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
C) bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Most people are exposed to dioxins from:
A) using consumer products with fragrances
B) from coolants and lubricants in electrical equipment
C) eating fish and beef products
D) breathing contaminated air
C) eating fish and beef products
Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant?
A) sulfur dioxide
B) carbon monoxide
C) nitrogen dioxide
D) ozone
D) ozone
What does CAFOs stand for (Son et al.)
A) Commercial Agricultural Feed Outputs
B) Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
C) Cattle and Farming Operations
D) Cooperative Animal Feeding Organization
B) Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Combined sewer overflows are mostly located in the southwest and around the Gulf Coast of the US.
A) True
B) False
B) False
What is a significant environmental impact of CAFO waste in surface waters?
A) increased oxygen dissolved in the water
B) decrease in algae growth
C) reduction in dissolved oxygen
D) neutralization of pH levels
C) reduction in dissolved oxygen
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are also known as:
A) ozone-depleting chemicals
B) plasticizers
C) chlorinated solvents
D) flame retardants
D) flame retardants
According to your text, “visual pollution” is often a complaint against which source of renewable energy?
A) solar power plant
B) coal-fired power plant
C) hydroelectric plants
D) wind farms
D) wind farms
Which of the following is NOT a potential source of drinking water contamination from hydraulic fracturing described in the article? (Hill et al.)
A) CO2 from vehicles near the drill sight
B) Spills during chemical mixing
C) Well casing failures
D) Pipeline leaks
A) CO2 from vehicles near the drill sight
NIOSH can suggest Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs), however OSHA sets enforceable limits called:
A) Detection Limits for Reporting
B) Maximum Contaminant Limits
C) Permissible Exposure Limits
D) Maximum Contaminant Level Goals
C) Permissible Exposure Limits
T or F: Irradiating food is not effective against prions and viruses.
A factory worker begins to experience dizziness and loss of coordination while working with an unknown chemical. Which type of chemical is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A) phthalates
B) PCBs
C) PFCs
D) organic solvents
D) organic solvents
The greatest impact of air pollution (like particulate matter) is on mortality from:
A) asthma
B) cardiovascular disease
C) lung cancer
D) leukemia
B) cardiovascular disease
In the Reuben et al. paper, the authors used a prospective cohort study design. Which best describes this study design?
A) Participants are selected based on whether they have the outcome of interest. Researchers then look at whether participants have been exposed in the past.
B) Participants are assigned to exposure and control groups. Researchers then follow them forward in time to see whether the outcome of interest occurs.
C) The exposure status and outcome of participants are assessed at a single point in time.
D) Participants are selected based on whether they have been exposed. Researchers then follow them forward in time to see whether the outcome of interest occurs.
D) Participants are selected based on whether they have been exposed. Researchers then follow them forward in time to see whether the outcome of interest occurs.
According to the IARC, dioxin is classified as ____________; benzene is categorized as ____________.
A) probably carcinogenic; possibly carcinogenic
B) carcinogenic; possibly carcinogenic
C) Group 1, Group 1
D) Group 1, Group 2B
C) Group 1, Group 1