Heat Transfer
1. True or False: When you hold an ice cube, the "coldness" moves into your hand.
2. In which direction does thermal energy always travel?
3. Scenario: You place a hot boiled egg into a bowl of cold water. Describe the energy
transfer:
1. False
2. From Warm to Cold
3.Energy moves from the Egg to the Water.
Why is the upstairs of a house usually warmer than the basement?
Because of convection, Warm air is less dense then cool air, which Causes the warm are to rise and the cool air to sink.
Based on the test results, what is the patient's diagnosis?
The patient does not have strep throat or influenza.
6. What functions might be affected in a patient with a tumor in the occipital lobe?
Visual perception and some forms of visual short-term memory.
Lyme Disease
•
Fever
Headache
Fatigue (tiredness)
Swollen lymph nodes
Muscle and joint
aches
Neck stiffness
"Bull's-eye"-shaped
red rash
Facial paralysis
Arthritis
Nerve pain
Spread by the bite of an infected tick.
A black sweater absorbing
(like light).
sunlight.
Radiation
Definition: An blank is a material that slows down the transfer of heat.
Insulator
Many cases of patients with similar symptoms are being admitted to a local emergency room. It is believed that these patients are sick from a foodborne illness outbreak caused by a bacterial disease agent that leads to problems with the nervous system. How would an ER doctor, a neurologist, a microbiologist, and an epidemiologist work together to help these patients and prevent future cases?
ER Doc & neurologist work to diagnose and treat the patient. Microbiologists would confirm the presence of bacteria ar Cletermine the best antibiotic to use. The Epidemiologist would investigate patterns to identify the Sarce of outbreak and prevent further illness.
7. Several students came to the office with stomach aches and vomiting a few hours after a pancake breakfast. A foodborne illness was suspected for the outbreak, and students were interviewed about the food they ate earlier that day.
Table 1
Food
Sick
Well
Total
Attack Rate
pancakes 6
43
49
12%
butter
2
24
26
8%
sausage
34
13
47
72%
syrup
17
28
45
38%
milk
8
17
25
32%
juice
6
19
25
24%
Given the attack rates shown in Table 1, which food item is the most likely source of the illness that's causing several students to get sick?
a Sausage
b. Butter
c. Milk
d. Juice
a. Sausage
Measles
Spread through breathing,
• High fever (as high as coughing, and sneezing.
105)
Cough
Runny nose
Red, watery eyes
Tiny white spots
inside mouth
Rash of flat red spots
on face, neck, trunk, arms, legs, and feet Ear infections Lung infections
Encephalitis (swelling of the brain) vectorborne
Person to
Person
A metal spoon getting hot in
soup.
Conduction
The Blanket Myth: Why won't a blanket make a plastic doll feel warm?
Blankets don't generate heat; they only trap heat from a worm source.
A group of students performed an experiment to see whether running in place for two minutes or being in a hot room would increase body temperature.
They had five students sit in a chair for two minutes and then measured their body temperature.
They had the same five students run in place for two minutes in a hot room and then measured their body temperature after running.
They repeated the experiment three times.
They analyzed their results, they concluded that running in place does increase body temperature and that being in a hot room does increase body temperature.
3. What was wrong with Experiment 1?
They included more than one independent variables.
8. A patient comes to you with complaints of intense headaches on the left side of his head just behind his eye. He also tells you that lately he has had trouble concentrating and feels unusually angry and confused. You ordered a variety of diagnostic tests and have the following results:
Patient's speech, hearing, and vision appear normal.
Patient's ability to perform memory tasks is less than expected for his age.
Patient's ability to control movement and balance appear normal.
Due to these symptoms, you suspect an issue with his central nervous system. What additional test or tests would you order to help with the diagnosis and why?
Students can recommend Brain Scans, (MRI or CT Son)
11.A patient comes to you with complaints of pain, tingling, and numbness in her left foot.
The patient has no problems with movement. Brain scans, CSF, and EMG tests were all normal.
Nerve conduction velocity tests were abnormal.
This information leads you to believe the problem is in the peripheral nervous system. Given the choices below, which structure is the most likely location of the problem?
a Sensory neurons
Warm air rising to the second floor.
Convection
9. The Equilibrium Test: You leave a metal plate and a plastic plate in a freezer overnight which one is at a lower temperature?
Neither; they're the same temperature Why does the metal feel colder? It's a better conductor and moves heat Away hand faster than plastic does.
4. Write a clear experimental protocol for Experiment 1, so that it is repeatable and produces
valid and reliable results.
Your answer should include a control, multiple trials,
and clear, specific steps for other scientists to repeat.
9. Lindsey is taking pictures of animals at a local park. She sees a squirrel run across the grass and up a nearby tree. Lindsey picks up her camera and takes a picture of the squirrel. Explain how the nervous system worked to sense, process, and respond to stimuli in Lindsey's scenario. In your explanation, include the input the peripheral nervous
system receives and the output the central nervous system initiates.
Lindsey sees the Squirrel. She uses the sense of sight to receive this input and sends it as a signal through
Sensory neurons to her brain. Her brain processes the information and initiates muscular movement of her arms and hands to pick up and use the camera.
Why do metals feel hotter or colder than wood?
Metals are excellent Conductors. They transfer heat energy much more easily and quickly than wood does.
Critical Thinking: You want to keep a popsicle from melting in your backpack. Based on the "Insulators" section of your guide, should you wrap it in aluminum foil or a thick wool sock?
Explain Why (using the word "conductor" or "insulator"):
A thick wool Sock
Wool is a great insulator because it traps air, which is a poor Conductor of heat. This slows down the transfer of thermal energy from the outside air into the cold popsickle, keeping it frozen longer. (Aluminum foil is a metal and acts as a conductor).
5. This microorganism causes strep throat. It can multiply without a host. It can be treated with antibiotics. It is so small, you would need to view it through a microscope at school.
What type of disease agent is this microorganism?
c. Bacteria
Cholera
Spread by drinking
Watery diarrhea Vomiting
contaminated water or food.
Leg cramps Dehydration
Foodborne