Life stages
What are the 4 developmental areas
Physical, Intellectual, Emotional & Social
Gross - bigger muscle movements of the body
fine - smaller muscle movements of the body
Emotional bond
Nature refers to & Nurture refers to?
Nature - genetics or biological factors
Nurture - External such as environmental, social and economic factors
Name 3 predictable life events
Starting school, moving house, leaving home, marriage, start a family, start a job
How would you measure growth?
Weight, head circumference and height
Give an example of two milestones at infancy and early childhood?
I- sitting up, standing, walking
EC - riding a bicycle, running forward or backwards, hopping on one foot, turning pages of book, button and unbutton clothes, write own name
Give a characteristic of a child that is securely attached and insecure attached?
SA - secure, loved sense of belonging, mature, happy, social
IA - stress, angry, isolated, rage, anger, immature
Explain Badura social learning theory?
notice, internalise, copy and repeat the behavior (or even stop behavior)
Explain two physical effects of ageing?
Cardiovascular disease, degeneration of nervous tissue (senses, brain), osteoarthritis, reduced absorption of nutrients, dementia.
Growth is continuous but not smooth, why is this?
Growth is not constant, one child will grow at a different rate than the other even though same age, boys grow quicker and taller, different body parts grow at different times
How do children acquire language according to Chomsky?
LAD - you are born (preprogrammed) with the ability to communicate. Every child has the same language structure due to having nouns, pronouns, adjective and verbs built-in. fluent by the age of 5/6
Give examples of why attachment may not go smoothly?
Frank has been married for 6 years and enjoys exercise very much. However after Franks father passed his mood changed. The Gp has now diagnosed him with depression, why is this?
Stress Diathesis model - predisposition to depression due to inherited gene - no stress suppressed this. however, due to the trauma of his father's death, it triggered the onset of his depression.
What is psychological changes of ageing?
Suicidal thoughts, fixation on death, loss of self-worth, self-isolation, social withdrawal, sadness
What are the four stages of cognitive development in children's logic and reasoning
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational and formal
Explain the four stages of Piaget's theory of intellectual development? focusing on egocentric, concrete and abstract thinking.
Preoperational - Egocentric is seeing from their own perspective
Concrete - concrete is beginning to use building blocks such a buttons to calculate
Formals - abstract and thinking outside the box and being able to reason and make judgments.
What are the 3 stages of play, age-range and how each help social development?
Solitary play (0-2), Parallel play (2-3), Co-operative Play (3-8..)
Explain four factors that can affect development?
Genetic, pollution, access (availability, opening hours, location), poor housing, social (dysfunctional family, parenting style, divorce, culture, religion, diet, gender), economic (wealth, possession, education)
Discuss the two theories of ageing?
Social disengagement and activity theory?
Withdrawal from social involvement due to restricted opportunities. reduced contact one becomes increasingly individual and less concerned with expectations.
Engage older people physically, mentally and socially - thus satisfaction is increased, reduces risk of illness.
What are the 6 life stages with the age range - give one example of a physical, intellectual, emotional and social change in each life stage
Infancy (0-2)
Early childhood (3-8)
Adolescence (9-18)
Early adulthood (19-45)
Middle adulthood (46-65)
Later adulthood (65+)
How do children build, organise and interpret ideas?
Schemas - new information is continously built, when a new ideas is introduced schemas get upset and so unbalanced (disequilibrium) trying to figure and shape new info (Assimilation). As new info is stored (accommodated) original schemas are modified and changed so to reach a stage of equilibrium (balance).
Pressure of work, marriage, parenthood, changing circumstances such as moving away or caring for parents, family commitments.
how can economic factors affect one's lifestyle? Give three points of explanation and reasoning.
Economic - Good income or bad income, possessions, Education
Lifestyle - Diet, exercise, drugs, alcohol and smoking
Explain what can be done to improve the independence of an ageing population? Give 3 points
Adaptation of equipment, financial support and entitlement (pensions, benefits, free prescription)