Social Causes of Health and Longevity
Pockets of the world where there are the highest rates of centennials.
What are Blue Zones?
The inventions of humans that are given meaning by the actions and beliefs of individuals in a society.
What are social constructions?
Linked with health outcomes and including variables such as income, wealth, education, and occupation.
What is socioeconomic status?
The quantity and quality of social ties is demographically patterned and contributes to the _____ in social ties.
What are inequalities?
Attributes, characteristics, or exposure of individuals that makes individuals more prone to developing diseases, injury, or poor health.
What is a risk factor?
People live longer, healthier, and happier as a result of these three habits.
What are physical activity, social engagement, and healthy eating?
This model of illness looks at illnesses as an objective label.
What is the medical model of illness?
The most commonly used measure of economic resources in U.S. health research that can come from a variety of sources, can fluctuate, and is positively linked with health.
What is income?
Support accessible to an individual through social ties to other individuals, groups, and larger communities. Typically provides individuals with a sense of feeling loved, cared for, and listened to.
What is social support?
The factors that directly influence the health of individuals such as disease and injury.
What are downstream factors of social determinants of health?
This fundamental cause reveals itself because people with a higher socioeconomic status are better positioned to protect themselves.
What is poverty?
This is the dominant model among social scientists, and illness is placed in a subjective category.
What is the sociological model of illness?
A less commonly measured economic resource that matters even after accounting for income, linked with a lower risk of death.
What is wealth?
Case studies involving the spread of youth smoking, the flow of political ideas, and study habits later revealed the importance of this pattern in health.
What are social networks?
Factors such as health behaviors and risk behaviors that influence an individual's health.
What are midstream factors of social determinants of health?
These causes are the social conditions of disease, and it focuses on the 'root cause', rather than intervening mechanisms.
What are the fundamental causes of disease?
In the reading with Conrad and Barker, they stated that the experience of an illness varies greatly among people due to the ______ meaning. These _____ meanings also burden the afflicted.
What is cultural?
A stress hormone produced by the body that weakens non-essential functions. Repeated exposure can permanently damage the endocrine system.
What is cortisol?
Religious ties may appear to influence health for the better; having children and adopting the health habits of those around you are all examples of this explanation for how social relationships influence health.
What is the behavioral explanation?
The factors that compromise social-structural influences on health and health systems, such as government policies, and the social, physical, economic, and environmental factors that determine health.
What are upstream factors of social determinants of health?
Unemployment, living in a food desert, and social inequalities are all examples of this cause of disease.
What are distal causes?
An illness like irritable bowel syndrome can sometimes be considered medically suspect because it is not associated with any known physical or biomedical abnormality.
What is a contested illness?
Epigenetic rat studies involving attentive and inattentive mothers raising pups produced this result.
What is the study that showed the environment could cause changes in gene expression?
The principle that a contact between similar people occurs at a higher rate than among dissimilar people.
What is homophily?
Social factors such as socioeconomic status and social support, that affect disease outcomes through multiple mechanisms.
What is the theory of fundamental causes of disease?