6.1 and 6.2
What is the WHO definition of 'health'?
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What is the definition of mental health and wellbeing?
“Feeling well in the mind, with a positive outlook and a sense of your own value”
What is fitness?
“The ability to cope with the demands of the environment”
What is a balanced diet?
“A balanced diet is one that gives your body all the nutrients it needs to function correctly, in the right proportions”
What are the health related components of fitness?
Cardiovascular endurance
Muscular endurance
Flexibility
Strength
Speed
Power
What is the definition of Physical Health and well-being?
"Being well in the body and free from injury and illness."
What are the aspects that contribute to your mental health and well-being?
Feel good about yourself / have high self-esteem
Are able to cope with stress
Are able to control your emotions
Fitness is "The ability to cope with the demands of the environment". What are some of the environmental demands one needs to be capable of doing?
-Everyday tasks such as carrying groceries, climbing stairs
-Balancing responsibilities at home and work without getting too tired
-A manual job may require you to perform physical tasks such as lifting heavy objects
Describe the relationship between energy intake, energy output and the effect this has on the person in terms of their weight.
When calories consumed in the diet exceeds the calories you ‘burn'. Additional energy is stored as fat. This leads to weight gain.
-When calories ‘burned’ exceeds calories consumed in the diet. This can cause the person to become underweight and lead to weight loss.
When calories consumed in the diet is equal to the calories 'burned'. The body weight remains unchanged.
What are the skill related components of fitness?
Agility
Balance
Coordination
Reaction-time
What are the aspects that contribute to your physical health and well-being?
All of your body systems are working well.
You are free from illness, injury and disease.
You are physically able to carry out everyday tasks.
What is the definition of social health and well-being?
“A positive sense of involvement with family, friends and others in the community”
What factors contribute to social health and wellbeing?
Essential needs for social contact and interaction are met
You have friendships with others
You gain support from and give support to others
You have the confidence to mix with other people
You feel valued within society / have a role to play
What factors determine how much energy you need to consume?
Age - Teenagers typically require more calories than adults due to growth
Gender - Males typically require more calories than females
Lifestyle - Someone who works behind a desk will require fewer calories than someone with an active profession (e.g. in the building trade)
What is Cardiovascular endurance (stamina) and what sports require this?
“The ability to exercise the body for long periods of time without tiring”
Sport
•Physical activities reliant on an aerobic energy supply -
•Low to moderate intensity
•High duration
e.g. team sports, marathon running, triathlon, road cycling.
Exam Q -
1)Describe how poor health can influence fitness (2)
-Poor physical health (e.g. Injury, illness or disease)
-Causes people to take breaks from exercise
-Leading to a drop in fitness
Can you explain the relationship between how health and exercise are related?
1)Health often influences our ability to exercise. Someone carrying an injury is in poor physical health and may be unable to exercise. In some cases it is still possible to exercise when in poor health however
2)Exercise can lead to improvements in fitness and health
Exam Q - Can you identify any health issues associated with weight gain and weight loss? (2 marks)
Weight gain
-Increased risk of: Obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, liver disease, heart disease, stroke, cancer
Weight loss
-Increased risk of: malnutrition, weakened immune system, fatigue, fragile bones
Define a carbohydrate, fats and proteins. Give examples for each type of food.
Carbohydrates - The sugars, starches and fibres found in fruits, grains and vegetables. The body’s main source of energy” e.g. fruits, bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, sugars.
Fats - “A rich source of energy that serves a range of functions within the body” e.g. fatty meat, butter, cooking oils, cheese, nuts.
Proteins - “The building blocks of life found in every human cell. They can be used to repair damages cells and make new ones. e.g. meat, dairy, beans, eggs, fish.
What is speed? State a test to measure this and Explain how this is carried out.
“The ability to perform a movement quickly” e.g. 100m sprint.
Test = 30m sprint test.
Protocol:
1)This test measures how fast you can run over a short distance.
2)Accurately mark a 30m distance.
3)A stopwatch is used to measure the time taken.
4)Timing gates should be used if possible to obtain a more accurate result.
5)A running start can be used – the time starts when the start line is crossed.
6)You can compare your score with established norms.
Describe, using two examples, how taking part in regular physical activity can improve a person’s social health and well-being (2 marks)
-Joining a sports team helps to improve communication skills and the ability to mix with other people
-Joining a running club provides opportunities to make new friendships
-Being part of a team helps to give a sense of belonging and common purpose
Can you explain the relationship between health, exercise, fitness and performance.
1)Health often influences our ability to exercise. Someone carrying an injury is in poor physical health and may be unable to exercise. In some cases it is still possible to exercise when in poor health however
2)Exercise can lead to improvements in fitness and health
3)Fitness improvements can influence both health and performance
4)Performance is how well we are able to complete a task
Exam Q - Athletes may manipulate energy intake to achieve weight gain or loss. Can you identify some sporting examples?
-E.g. Rugby forwards may need to increase body mass to improve their effectiveness when scrummaging
-E.g. Figure skaters may need to lose weight prior to competition to improve their agility
Exam Q - Professional athletes spend large amounts of time training and competing. Explain how this influences the calories they consume in their diet.
-Professional athletes ‘burn’ more calories due to training and competition
-They need to increase the calorie intake in their diet to provide the energy they need
Exam Q - 1) Identify and explain the importance of one component of skill related fitness required by a badminton player (2 marks)
Reaction time
-E.g. To respond quickly when defending a smash shot
Agility
-To change direction quickly with control, when returning the shuttle from a wide position
Coordination
-Badminton players use their feet to move into position and their eyes, arm and hand to strike the shuttle from the centre of the racquet