Skin, Hair, Nails
which glands produce body odor; decrease with age and are active during puberty?
apocrine
Which glands are generally not palpable
salivary
2. During ocular examinations, the nurse keeps in mind that movement of the extraocular muscles is:
a. Decreased in the older adult.
b. Impaired in a patient with cataracts.
c. Stimulated by cranial nerves (CNs) I and II.
d. Stimulated by CNs III, IV, and VI.
ANS: D
Movement of the extraocular muscles is stimulated by three CNs: III, IV, and VI.DIF:
What are the ototoxic medications?
aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, NSAIDs
What ABCDEF?
Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter >6mm, elevation or evolution, funny looking
differentiate between macule, papule, vesicle, cyst, wheal
papule: solid, elevated circumscribed area (more than 1 cm)
macule: freckle, less than 1cm, color change (measles, freckle)
vesicle: blister up to 1cm; clear serum flows up if walls ruptured (hsv, varicella)
wheal: allergic reaction, superficial raised transient irregular shaped from edema
cyst: encapsulated fluid filled cavity in the dermis
What are the most important cranial nerves for the had and neck and what do they do?
Cranial Nerve V (trigmenal) :carries pain, temperature, touch, chewing
Cranial nerve VII: facial nerve; symmetry and expressions
Accessory (XI): shoulder movement, head turning, involves sternocleidomastoid (Shoudlers) and trapezius (neck)
3. The nurse is performing an external eye examination. Which statement regarding the outer layer of the eye
is true?
a. The outer layer of the eye is very sensitive to touch.
b. The outer layer of the eye is darkly pigmented to prevent light from reflecting internally.
c. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) and the trochlear nerve (CN IV) are stimulated when the outer
d. The visual receptive layer of the eye in which light waves are changed into nerve impulses is
located in the outer layer of the eye
Answer A
The cornea and the sclera make up the outer layer of the eye. The cornea is very sensitive to touch. The middle layer, the choroid, has dark pigmentation to prevent light from reflecting internally. The trigeminal nerve (CNV) and the facial nerve (CN VII) are stimulated when the outer surface of the eye is stimulated. The retina, in the inner layer of the eye, is where light waves are changed into nerve impulses.
Which ear exam has you place a vibrating 512 hz tuning fork on the top of the head? the sounds should be heard equally in both ears. Also, lateralization indicates conductive or sensorineural hearing loss
Weber Test
Small boil located in skin or mucous membrane, red swollen, painful, foreign body, perforated septum, nasal polyps.
furuncle
what are the stages of pressure injuries:
1: non blanchable erythema
2: partial thickness skin loss
3: full thickness skin loss
4: full thickness skin and tissue loss (bone is exposed)
Which disease results in characteristic facial and neck changes due to decreased thyroid hormone production and subsequent metabolic shutdown.
hypothyroidism
Which type of conjunctivitis is highly contagious?
Viral and bacterial
What is the difference between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, and can a person have both?
Yes, its called mixed
conductive: outer/middle ear blocking sound transmission
sensorineural: inner ear or nerve damage affecting sound processing
This disease has a bright red throat; swollen uvula, and tender. anterior cervical and tonsillar nodes
pharyngitis/acute tonsillitis
What is a highly contagious airborne disease that includes fever, runny nose, cough, maculopopular rash, and conjunctivitis?
measles
Which disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, presents with distinctive head and neck manifestations. Its key findings include goiter, eyelid retraction and exophthalmos
graves disease
What is some patient information we can gave to prevent glaucoma? And what is glaucoma
emphasize importance of regular eye exams, medication compliance and recognizing symptoms that require immediate attention. (PVL, halos, N/V, eye pain)
glaucoma - increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve
What is a normal finding for the tympanic membrane?
pearly grey, pink amber colored
Which normal breath sound is soft, low pitched; heard over peripheral lung fields and inspiration is longer while expiration is shorter.
Vesicular breath sound
What happens to the aging adult? Name at least 3 for full credit
outer layer of epidermis flattens
loss of collagen so increased risk for tearing injury
coarse grey hair may appear in different locations
fragility increases - senile purpura (dark discolored areas)
hair distribution changes (thin and fine)
Which type of headache is the 2nd most common?
Migraine
Lens loses flexibility, making near vision difficult. reading glasses or bifocals often needed for close work
presbyopia
Which test do you compare air conduction vs bone conduction by placing the tuning fork on the mastoid, then near ear canal
Rinne test
Normal finding: air conduction lasts twice as long as bone conduction
What are the adventitious breath sounds?
Crackles (rales)discontinuous popping sounds heard over inspiration and wheezes;musical sounds heard over expirations (ronchi)