Eye Anatomy
What transparent membrane protects the exposed part of the eye?
What is the conjunctiva?
What term describes the normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on the retina?
What is the pupillary light reflex?
What happens to pupil size as a person ages?
It decreases.
How far should a patient stand from a Snellen chart during a vision test?
20 feet.
What test involves covering one eye to detect small degrees of deviation or muscle weakness?
The cover test.
What structure covers and protects the iris and pupil?
What is the cornea?
When one pupil constricts in response to light in the opposite eye, what reflex is this called?
What is the consensual light reflex?
What is the age-related loss of lens elasticity called?
What is presbyopia?
What is the normal result for a near-vision test using a Rosenbaum card?
14/14 in each eye.
During the diagnostic positions test, how many cardinal positions of gaze are assessed?
Six.
What gland secretes tears that drain into the nasolacrimal duct?
What is the lacrimal gland?
What does “PERRLA” stand for?
What are Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation?
What eye condition involves clouding or yellowing of the lens?
What is a cataract?
What does the Ishihara test assess for?
Color blindness (red/green deficiency).
What is the fine oscillating movement of the eyes called?
Nystagmus.
What part of the eye does the cornea cover and protect?
What are the iris and pupil?
During accommodation, what two observable actions occur in the eyes?
What are convergence of the eyeballs and pupillary constriction?
What type of glaucoma is most common in older adults?
What is chronic open-angle glaucoma?
In the confrontation test, what aspect of vision is being assessed?
Peripheral vision.
When performing the confrontation test, how far apart should the nurse and patient be?
About 2 feet.
Tears flow from the lacrimal gland into which structure before draining into the nasal cavity?
What is the nasolacrimal sac?
When focusing on a near object, what happens to the pupils and lens?
Pupils constrict and lens curvature increases.
Which age-related eye disorder causes loss of central vision and is the leading cause of blindness?
What is macular degeneration?
The Hirschberg test (corneal light reflex) is used to assess what?
Parallel alignment of eye axes or strabismus.
If light reflection is not symmetrical in the corneal light reflex test, what condition may be indicated?
Strabismus.