GI & MSK
How might you assess for dehydration?
Dry mucous membranes
Poor turgor
Hypotension
Concentrated urine
Weight loss
A pearly white tone in light skin or a gray/ashen tone in dark skin may indicate this finding.
Pallor
What does 20/200 as Snellen test results mean ?
person sees at 20 ft what normal people can see at 200 ft = worse vision
List 3 interventions for atelectasis?
Incentive spirometer, early ambulation, deep breathing and coughing, frequent repositioning
Describe one difference between Delirium and Dementia
Delirium: acute, fluctuating, reversible, inattention
Dementia: chronic, progressive, attention usually normal
Correct order of assessment for the abdomen
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
This “edema grade” leaves an 8 mm pit that takes more than 2 minutes to return.
+4
What is Ptosis?
Drooping of upper eyelid
Identify 2 abnormal lung sounds and what they indicate
Crackles: fluid – popping or crackling sound
Wheezes: narrowed airways – high-pitch, musical, squeaky
Rhonchi: mucus, clears with cough – Low pitched, snoring
Stridor: upper airway obstruction/emergency – high-pitch, inspiratory sound
When do the fontanelles close?
Posterior: 2-3 months
Anterior: 12-18 months
This spinal curvature is an exaggerated thoracic hunchback.
Kyphosis
This chronic autoimmune condition presents with silvery scales on the elbows and knees.
Psoriasis
How do you test the 7th cranial nerve?
smile, frown, puff cheeks, raise eyebrows
Identify 2 Risk factors for DVT
Virchow's triad
Venous stasis, endothelial injury, hypercoagulability
Immobility
Recent surgery
Cancer
Smoking
Obesity
Pregnancy
Previous DVT
What are the components of the mini-cog screening tool?
Three word recall, ask the patient to draw a clock and set the hands to 10 past 11, ask patients to recall 3 words
Describe signs/symptoms of Rheumatoid arthritis
symmetrical, autoimmune, morning stiffness >1hr, warm/swollen joints
Name three secondary skin lesions
ulcer, fissure, erosion, crust, scale, scar, keloid
What are abnormal findings for the Babinski reflex in adults?
Abnormal adult (positive): toes fan out
Where is the Mitral valve located on the chest and what else is located at that area?
5th intercostal space MCL (also PMI, apical impulse)
Identify 3 ways to decrease risk of falls for older adults
Remove rugs
Adequate lighting
Proper footwear
Assistive devices
Medication review
Strength/balance training
What muscle strength would you give someone with full movement against some resistance?
What are 3 abnormal signs of skin, hair and nail assessment?
clubbing, cyanosis, edema, decreased skin turgor, infestations of hair
What does PERRLA stand for?
Pupils, Equal, Round, Reactive to Light, Accommodation
Describe the complete blood flow of the heart
Right atrium – Right ventricle – Pulmonary artery – lungs – pulmonary veins – Left Atrium – Left ventricle – Aorta – rest of the body
Identify three ways that make pediatric airways different than adults
Narrower airway diameter
Larger tongue – obstruction risk
Higher larynx
Smaller lung capacity
Faster RR