Basic Eye Anatomy
What structure of the eye controls the amount of light that enters the eye by changing the size of the pupil?
The iris controls the amount of light entering the eye by changing the size of the pupil.
During an eye assessment, what should be checked first before using any equipment: visual acuity, pupil response, or the external appearance of the eyes?
The external appearance of the eyes should be checked first.
What chart is most commonly used to test distance vision and determine whether a person may need glasses?
The Snellen chart.
What tool is used to assess pupil reaction to light?
A penlight.
What common eye disorder causes difficulty seeing distant objects clearly?
Myopia.
Which part of the eye is responsible for sharp central vision and contains the highest number of cones?
The macula, especially the fovea centralis, is responsible for sharp central vision.
When inspecting the eyes, what finding may suggest jaundice?
Yellowing of the sclera may suggest jaundice.
Which chart may be used for young children who cannot read letters?
The Allen chart or Tumbling E chart.
When a penlight is shined into one eye, what is the normal response of that pupil?
The pupil constricts.
What common eye disorder causes difficulty seeing close objects clearly?
Hyperopia.
What is the difference between the function of rods and cones in the eye?
Rods are used for dim light and peripheral vision, while cones are used for color and sharp central vision.
What should happen to the pupils when focusing on a near object?
The pupils constrict and the eyes converge.
What does a visual acuity result of 20/40 mean?
The person that stands 20 feet away sees what a person with normal vision can see at 40 feet.
What is the name of the response in which the opposite pupil also constricts when light is shined into one eye?
The consensual light reflex.
What condition occurs when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy?
A cataract.
is the clear, dome-shaped structure at the front of the eye that helps bend light?
The cornea.
What should be compared when examining both pupils during an assessment?
Their size, shape, and reaction to light.
If a client normally wears glasses, should the Snellen test be performed with or without the glasses first?
With the glasses first.
From which direction should the penlight be moved toward the eye?
From the side of the eye toward the pupil.
What eye disorder is caused by increased pressure inside the eye and can damage the optic nerve?
Glaucoma.
What part of the eye carries visual information from the eye to the brain?
The optic nerve
What abnormal eye movement may be checked for while the patient follows the examiner’s finger in the six cardinal fields of gaze?
Nystagmus.
A client can only read the 20/100 line on the Snellen chart. What does this mean?
The client has reduced distance vision and must be 20 feet away to see what a person with normal vision can see at 100 feet.
What does accommodation mean during an eye assessment?
The adjustment of the eyes to focus on a near object.
What condition is commonly called “pink eye”?
Conjunctivitis.