Simple Terminology
Epidemiology
what is the study of health problems within a population?
Epidemic
What is an outbreak of a disease that quickly spreads and affects people at the same time?
Pandemic
What is an epidemic that has spread to several countries and continent?
Endemic
What is a disease that regularly affects an area or community?
Epidemiology triangle
what is Agent, Host and Environment?
Example of Active Primary Prevention
what is immunizations?
Primary prevention
What are actions taken to prevent an illness or injury?
Portal Of Entry
What is the way an infectious agent enters a suceptiable host?
Portal Of Exit
What is any route that the pathogen can leave the reservoir?
Mechanical transmission
What is when a vector transports organisms, such as bacteria that cause dysentery, on its feet, body hairs and other body surfaces to the host?
Reservoir
What is any living organism in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiples?
Zoonosis
What is an infectious disease that has jumped from non-human animals to humans?
Case definition
What is a set of uniform criteria used to determine which cases to include as part of the outbreak under investigation?
Pathogen
what is a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease?
Chain of infection
what is how microorganisms are transmitted from one person or place to another?
Fomite
what is nanimate objects that can carry and spread disease and infectious agents.
Primary case
What is the individual who introduces the disease into the family or group under study?
Mixed epidemic
What is The pattern of a common-source outbreak followed by secondary person-to-person spread?
Active carrier
What is an infected individual who can transmit the disease to others
Direct transmission
what is a mechanism that transfers an infectious agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host through direct contact or droplet spread?
Efficacy
What is the extent to which an intervention does more good than harm under ideal circumstances?
Effectiveness
What is how well a therapy provides the expected therapeutic effect on a disease or symptoms in clinical practice in the real world?
Modes of Transmission
What is how an infectious agent, also called a pathogen, can be transferred from one person, object, or animal, to another?
Convalescent carrier
What is those who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting to others?
Healthy or passive carriers
What is an individual capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms?