The most dangerous type of volcano. (An example of this in the Philippines was shown at the end of the Volcano video.)
What is a composite volcano?
100
The blasted away concave indentation at the very top of a volcano.
What is a crater?
100
An adjective that describes lava, which cools quickly above ground and forms small crystals.
What is "extrusive"?
100
These types of rock can become metamorphic.
What type of rock can igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock be changed into?
100
A HUGE blown out concave indentation after an extremely violent volcanic eruption where a good portion of the volcano is destroyed.
What is a caldera?
200
A fast-growing volcano with sharp, steep sides. It typically ejects mostly ash and rock.
What is a cinder cone?
200
Solidified magma that cools slowly underground. It's name is associated with a god of the underworld.
What is a pluton?
200
An adjective that describes magma, which cools slowly underground and forms large crystals.
What is "intrusive"?
200
If looking at layers of rock, say in the Grand Canyon, the layer that would be the oldest.
What is the bottom layer of rock?
200
A storage place for molten material below the surface of the Earth under a volcano.
What is a magma chamber?
300
A volcano that typically erupts with lava, ash, rock, and explosive and toxic gases.
What is a composite volcano?
300
Molten rock that comes out of the Earth (above ground).
What is lava?
300
A type of rock whose name comes from the Greek word for "fire." It is formed from cooled magma or lava.
What is igneous rock?
300
An example of an igneous rock formed above ground (from lava).
What is basalt or obsidian?
300
A horizontal intrusion of magma between rock layers.
What is a sill?
400
A volcano with a broad base and gently sloping sides. Lava erupts from it.
What is a shield volcano?
400
The passageway through which gases and other material escape from a volcano.
What is a vent?
400
A type of rock from the Greek for "changed shape." It is formed from intense heat and pressure.
What is a metamorphic rock?
400
An example of igneous rock formed below ground. California is largely made of this rock. It has been pushed up where we can see it due to plate uplifting over millions of years.
What is granite?
400
A large area of cooled magma underground. We can see some amazing examples of these above ground in some national parks after millions of years of plate uplifting (Mount Rushmore, Half Dome).
What is a batholith?
500
A word for a type of scary, explosive "flow" that is ejected during a violent eruption.
What is "pyroclastic"?
500
A vertical intrusion of magma into cracks in an overlying rock layer.
What is a dike?
500
A type of rock from the Latin "to sit or sink down." It is formed from compacted and cemented particles that are typically weathered and eroded bits (clastic) but also might be bits of evaporites (chemicals left behind when water evaporates) or plant and animals remains.
What is sedimentary rock?
500
A type of sedimentary rock that we learned about when studying the carbon cycle. It is made from the shells of dead sea creatures.