priority health issues
what are the measures of epidemiology?
- life expectancy
- infant mortality
- mortality
- morbidity
Name the sociocultural determinants
- family
- peers
- media
- religion
- culture
What do benign and malignant mean?
benign - non cancerous and grows slowly
Malignant - cancerous and grows aggressively
Is more money spent on curative or preventative health care approaches?
Curative
What is a method you can use to make an informed consumer choice when deciding whether to begin an alternative therapy?
- investigate success rates
- ask friends and family
- research the qualifications and experience of the practitioners
- ask about side effects
what is a limitation of epidemiology?
- doesn't take health determinants into consideration
- doesn't indicate quality of life
- hard to collect in crisis situations
- doesn't explain why health inequities occur
what are the trends in life expectancy, infant mortality, morbidity and mortality rates for rural and remote people
LE: trending upwards
IM: trending down but higher rates
Mort: Trending down, higher rates
Morb: trending down (except diabetes), higher rates
How can one environmental determinant result in a higher risk of developing CVD?
Less access to healthcare = discouraged from preventative measures (blood pressure and cholesterol checks)
What is institutional healthcare + provide an example?
Healthcare that involves an overnight stay
e.g. hospitals, nurising homes, psychiatric wards
what is aromatherapy and its benefits?
Use of essential oils to bring physiological and psychological changes
- helps to relax, relieve pain and improve mood
why is potential for prevention important when considering priority health issues?
If there is little potential for prevention e.g. a hereditary chronic disease, then focusing your efforts on reducing the prevalence of the condition will not be effective
what is the life expectancy gap between ATSI and non-ATSI people?
10 years
What is atherosclerosis?
the buildup of plaque on the inner artery walls
Describe 3 impacts of a growing and ageing population on australian healthcare
- increased population living with chronic disease = higher health care expenditure and strain on hospitals = medicare strain
- Increased demand for aged care facilities
- increased strain on health care workers = shortages = insufficient care
- decreased availability of volunteers = harder to keep the elderly independent and at home
What are 2 benefits of emerging treatments + provide an example?
- less invasive --> quicker recovery
- Earlier detection --> improved quality of life
Keyhole surgery, breast cancer screenings
what is one individual and one community cost of diabetes?
Individual: reduced quality of life, direct medical costs for appointments/medication
Community: Emotional strain of friends/family, cost of procedures covered by medicare
how do the sociocultural determinants result in poorer health for rural and remote people?
- Generational smoking, drinking and sedentary lifestyle more prevalent = high levels of cancer, CVD and diabetes
- less exposure to media campaigns = lowered awareness of risk factors and info about chronic diseases
Explain the different types of diabetes
Type 1; genetic, body produces none or minimal insulin and artificial injections are needed
Type 2; caused by lifestyle factors, insulin becomes ineffective or not enough is produced, usually caused by inactivity and obesity
Gestational; occurs during pregnancy, similar to type 2 and can be a risk factor for labour complications
What is the responsibility of local government?
concerned with safety and hygiene matters
- waste disposal
- maintaining parks
- ensuring hygiene standards are met in food outlets
provide 3 reasons for the growth of alternative health care services
- definition of health changing (more holistic)
- proven effective
- Increasing credibility
- Multiculturalism
what are the 5 criteria used for identifying priority health issues?
- social justice principles
- priority population groups
- prevalence of condition
- potential for prevention and early intervention
- cost to individual and community
explain the role of government, community and individuals in improving the health of ATSI people
Government: research, funding and the creation of policies to promote a healthy lifestyle e.g. close the gap campaign
Community: develop local initatives to focus on issues specific to them + advocate certain issues to the government
Individual: participate in health promotions, stride to lead a healthy lifestyle
How do each of the socioeconomic determinants increase the risk of developing diabetes?
Poor education = poor health literacy, inabiity to understand the risk and protective factors associated, possibly can't comprehend nutritional info
Employment; desk jobs promote a sedentary lifestyle --> obesity
Low income = more likely to drink and smoke, poor access to fresh produce and health foods, specialist appointments too $$
What are 2 advantages and disadvantages of private health insurance?
Advantages: ancillaries, shorter waiting list, choice of hospital, choice of doctor, overseas insurance
Disadvantages: expensive, creates inequity in the healthcare system
What association helos find accredited and trustworthy alternative practitioners
Australian Natural Therapies Association