Health Promotion
What is health promotion?
The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health.
What is the Health Belief Health?
A model suggesting people change behavior based on perceived risk and benefits.
What is equity?
The ethical principle that all groups should have equal access to health resources.
What is self-report bias?
A major problem with evaluating health promotion campaigns due to reliance on participant honesty.
What is stress in health psychology?
The psychological and physiological response to perceived demands that exceed coping resources.
What is the preventative approach in health psychology?
An approach that focuses on preventing illness by changing beliefs and behaviors rather than only treating disease.
What is perceived severity?
The belief that a disease would have serious consequences.
What is victim-blaming?
An ethical concern where campaigns imply individuals are responsible for their illness.
What is lack of control of extraneous variables?
A reason why cause-and-effect relationships are difficult to establish in health promotion research.
What is a lifestyle disease?
A disease strongly influenced by behaviors such as diet, exercise, smoking, or alcohol use.
What is unrealistic optimism?
A reason health promotion often fails because people underestimate their personal risk.
What is perceived vulnerability (susceptibility)?
The belief that one is personally at risk of developing a health condition.
What is stigmatization?
A negative outcome of obesity campaigns that shame individuals rather than addressing environmental factors.
What is triangulation?
A method that combines interviews, observations, and statistics to evaluate effectiveness.
What is the difference between acute and chronic stress?
Acute stress is short-term and immediate; chronic stress is long-term and persistent.
What is the weak relationship between beliefs and behavior?
A reason why awareness campaigns alone do not usually lead to sustained behavior change.
What are perceived barriers?
Obstacles such as cost, embarrassment, or lack of access that prevent behavior change.
What is psychological harm?
An ethical issue when fear-based campaigns cause anxiety or distress.
What is process-based evaluation?
A WHO-recommended approach that evaluates how a campaign was delivered rather than just outcomes.
What is the fight-or-flight response?
An automatic physiological reaction that prepares the body to confront or escape a threat.
What is the biopsychosocial model of health?
The idea that health behaviors are influenced by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
What is self-efficacy?
An individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform a health behavior.
What is cultural bias in health promotion?
Health interventions that work well in Western, individualistic societies may be less effective or culturally inappropriate in collectivist cultures.
What is the placebo effect?
When participants improve simply because they believe an intervention will work, effectiveness may be overestimated.
What is allostatic load?
The cumulative wear and tear on the body caused by repeated or chronic stress.