Personal Safety and Injury Prevention
Cyberbullying
Identify behaviors such as harassment, spreading rumors, exclusion, and impersonation
Be aware of how quickly harmful content can spread
Think before posting or commenting
Treat others online with respect and kindness
Understand it can happen through social media, texting, gaming, and email
Consent
Make sure consent is clearly given before any physical contact
Never assume consent
Respect boundaries without trying to convince or pressure
Communicate openly and honestly
Resilience
Handle challenges better – I can keep going even when things get hard.
Bounce back from failure – I don’t give up after making mistakes.
Stay positive – I can stay calm and think clearly during stressful situations.
Solve problems – I find ways to fix problems instead of getting stuck.
Build confidence – Knowing I can overcome difficulties makes me feel stronger.
Support others – I can help friends stay strong during tough times.
Set goals and keep going – I can keep working toward what I want, even if it’s hard.
Factors Affecting Food Choices - Social Factors: Culture
Respect my own and others’ dietary restrictions
Explore and appreciate my own cultural foods
Try foods from other cultures to expand my diet
Plan meals that honor cultural or religious practices
Hydration
Replace sugary drinks with water
Keep a water bottle handy throughout the day
Drink water as main beverage
Mental Health Continuum
Recognize where I am on the continuum at different times
Understand that mental health can change and is not fixed
Notice early warning signs like stress, irritability, or sadness
Take action before my mental health gets worse
Contraceptives
Make informed choices in the future
Discuss with a healthcare provider if considering hormonal options
Follow instructions carefully to ensure effectiveness
Talk openly and honestly with partners about contraception
Respect both my and my partner’s choices
Protective Factors
Supportive friends and family – They help me feel safe and understood.
Positive role models – People I look up to can guide me during tough times.
Skills and talents – Knowing what I’m good at boosts my confidence.
Safe environments – Being in places where I feel secure helps me handle challenges.
Healthy habits – Exercise, sleep, and hobbies help me stay strong mentally and physically.
Opportunities to learn – School, clubs, or sports teach me problem-solving and coping skills.
Encouragement and praise – When people believe in me, I feel stronger to face difficulties.
Factors Affecting Food Choices - Social Factors: Social Media and Ads
Be critical of ads and marketing
Make my own healthy choices instead of following trends
Ask myself: “Do I really need this?” before buying
Avoid comparing myself to online images
Recognize when I’m being marketed to
Physical Bullying
Recognize bullying early – I can spot physical bullying happening to me or others.
Know how to respond – I learn safe ways to protect myself and help others.
Build empathy – I understand how victims feel and can be more supportive.
Promote a positive environment – I can encourage kindness and respect at school or in my community.
Reduce conflict – I can avoid situations that might lead to physical fights.
Seek help appropriately – I know who to talk to, like teachers or parents, if bullying happens.
Develop confidence – Understanding bullying makes me feel stronger and more prepared in real-life situations.
Elements of Bullying (Unequal Power, Hurtful Actions, Direct and Indirect Actions, Repetitive Behaviour)
Identify situations where someone has more power (size, popularity, age, online anonymity)
Avoid using power to hurt others
Avoid words or actions that could hurt someone
Think about how my actions affect others
Speak up or get help if someone is being harmed
Cycle of Abuse
Recognize unhealthy patterns in relationships
Take action early to protect myself or others
Remove myself from unsafe situations immediately
Reach out to a trusted adult or authority
Influences
Friends – They can affect my choices, for better or worse.
Family – Parents or siblings teach me values and behavior.
Media – TV, social media, and games can shape how I think or act.
Teachers and mentors – They guide me and show me examples to follow.
Culture and community – Traditions and rules can affect my decisions.
Advertising – Ads can make me want certain things or behaviors.
Personal experiences – What I go through in life changes how I make choices.
Plate Proportions
Follow the plate model at meals to stay balanced
Serve proper portions to manage nutrition
Half the plate = vegetables & fruits, one-quarter = protein, one-quarter = whole grains
Physical Health
Exercise – Keeps my body strong and improves energy.
Healthy eating – Gives my body the nutrients it needs to grow and stay well.
Sleep – Helps me feel rested, focus better, and stay healthy.
Hygiene – Washing hands, brushing teeth, and bathing prevent illness.
Mental Health - Behavioural Warning Signs
Pay attention to changes in my own behaviour
Check in with friends who start acting differently
Reach out when I notice myself or others pulling away
Encourage connection and support
Use healthy coping strategies instead of lashing out
Make safe choices and avoid harmful behaviours
Seek help if fear or stress affects my daily life
Understanding Boundaries
Identify and communicate my own personal limits
Respect others’ boundaries
Use clear language to express my boundaries
Say “no” when needed without feeling guilty
Be mindful of the impact of my actions on others
Reflect on my behavior to maintain trust and safety
Risk Factors
Lack of supportive friends or family – Feeling alone can make problems worse.
Peer pressure – Friends pushing me to do risky things like drugs or alcohol.
Stress or trauma – Hard situations at home or school can be overwhelming.
Mental health issues – Anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem can make coping harder.
Exposure to violence or bullying – Being in unsafe environments increases risk.
Poor coping skills – Not knowing how to deal with problems safely.
Easy access to substances – Drugs or alcohol being nearby makes temptation higher.
Factors Affecting Food Choices: Environmental Factors - Government Policies
Food safety: Regulations limit harmful chemicals, pesticides, and contaminants.
Sustainable farming: Policies encourage organic farming or reduced use of harmful fertilizers.
Availability & cost: Subsidies or restrictions can affect which foods are cheaper or easier to buy
Health & nutrition: Promotes healthier food production and protects the ecosystem that supports crops.
Social Health
Friendships – Having good friends makes me feel happy and supported.
Family relationships – Spending time with family helps me feel safe and loved.
Communication skills – Talking and listening well helps me connect with others.
Teamwork – Working with others in school, sports, or projects improves cooperation.
Conflict resolution – Learning to solve problems calmly keeps relationships strong.
Community involvement – Helping in clubs, sports, or volunteering builds connections.
Respect and empathy – Understanding others’ feelings improves social bonds.
Social Media
Use social media in positive and healthy ways
Balance screen time with offline activities
Follow accounts that make me feel supported
Unfollow or mute negative or harmful content
Remind myself that social media is not always realistic
Set limits on screen time
Take breaks to support my mental health
Green Flags
Build trust by keeping promises
Notice when others are trustworthy
Make decisions together rather than letting one person control
Respect equality in all my relationships
Pursue my own hobbies and friendships
Stay calm and solve problems without yelling or blaming
Addiction
Alcohol – Friends can pressure me to drink, which can affect my health, safety, and decision-making.
Tobacco – Peer influence can make smoking seem “cool,” but it harms my lungs and overall health.
Cannabis (weed) – Friends may encourage trying it, but it can affect memory, focus, and motivation.
Energy drinks – Peers might push me to drink them to stay awake, which can harm my heart or cause anxiety.
Limiting Highly Processed Foods
Avoid sugary drinks, chips, and fast food regularly
Read labels to make healthier choices
Reduce foods high in sugar, salt, and saturated fat
Spiritual/Cultural Health
Beliefs and values – Following my beliefs gives me purpose and guidance.
Traditions and rituals – Celebrating cultural or spiritual events connects me to my community.
Respect for others – Understanding different cultures and beliefs builds positive relationships.
Personal reflection – Thinking about life and choices helps me feel balanced and focused.
Sense of belonging – Being part of a cultural or spiritual group makes me feel supported.
Practices like meditation or prayer – Can reduce stress and improve mental well-being.
Cultural activities – Dancing, music, art, or storytelling keeps me connected to my heritage.