Australian Healthcare
What is Medicare and who is eligible to use it?
Medicare is Australia’s universal healthcare system. It’s available to all Australian citizens and permanent residents.
What is the main difference between Medicare and PHI?
Medicare is public and covers basic services; PHI is private and offers extras and more choices.
What are the six essential nutrient categories?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Name the 5 core food groups in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating
Fruit, vegetables, grains, dairy, and lean meats/alternatives.
In simple terms, define ‘morbidity’ and ‘mortality’.
Morbidity: Illness or disease rates. Mortality: Death rates.
Name two services Medicare covers for individuals.
GP visits (out-of-hospital) and public hospital treatment (in-hospital).
Define ‘bulk billing’.
When a healthcare provider accepts the Medicare benefit as full payment for a service.
What is the difference between a macronutrient and a micronutrient?
Macronutrients are needed in large amounts (e.g. carbs); micronutrients in small amounts (e.g. iron).
What is the purpose of the Healthy Eating Pyramid?
To encourage healthy food choices and promote balanced eating habits.
What is the difference between incidence and prevelance?
Incidence = new cases in a given time period
Prevalence = total cases
What is the Medicare Levy and how is it funded?
A 2% tax on most taxpayers' income to help fund Medicare.
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of having Private Health Insurance.
Advantage: Avoid long public waiting lists. Disadvantage: Can be expensive (monthly premiums).
What does RDI stand for and why is it important?
Recommended Dietary Intake – helps guide how much of each nutrient we need daily.
What is Guideline 2 of the Australian Dietary Guidelines?
Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups every day.
Name one nutrition-related disease and the nutrient linked to it.
Any answer confirmed by teacher. e.g. Osteoporosis – linked to low calcium intake.
What are three responsibilities of the federal government in healthcare?
Funding Medicare, regulating PHI, managing PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme).
What is an excess and can it be adjusted?
An excess is a fixed amount you agree to pay towards your hospital treatment when admitted as a private patient. Yes it can be adjusted. Higher Excess = Lower Monthly Premiums. Lower Excess = Higher Monthly Premiums.
Explain why fibre is important for health even though it’s not digested.
It helps digestive health, prevents constipation, and supports bowel function.
For girls aged 14-17, how many serves of milk, yogurt, cheese or alternatives should they get per day
3 1/2
Give 2 reasons how poor nutrition affect a person's emotional health?
Can lead to mood swings, heightened irritability, low self-esteem due to body image etc
Give 3 reasons why people in developing countries experience worse health outcomes than Australians?
Lack of access to quality healthcare, lower government funding, poorer sanitation, and health education.
Name two government incentives to encourage Australians to take out PHI.
Lifetime Health Cover, Medicare Levy Surcharge, and Private Health Insurance Rebate.
What are two nutrients commonly lacking in a typical teenage diet
Iron and Calcium
What is one weakness of the Healthy Eating Pyramid model?
It can be misunderstood; portion sizes are unclear; processed foods may still appear in small amounts.
How can poor nutrition affect Australia’s life expectancy?
Increased chronic diseases (like obesity, diabetes), leading to earlier deaths and lower life expectancy.