The osseous exterior housing the semicircular canals and cochlea.
What is the bony labyrinth?
100
The receptor cells located in a single row within the Organ of Corti, with fan-like stereocilia protruding from the cuticular plates at the top.
What is are inner hair cells?
100
Its primary function is to collect and funnel acoustic energy to the external auditory meatus.
What is the pinna?
100
The external auditory canal ends here, which is considered the beginning of the middle ear.
What is the tympanic membrane (eardrum)?
100
The auditory nerve exits the temporal bone through the internal auditory meatus and enters the brainstem at a location called this, which describes the relationship of the pons and the cerebellum in this area.
What is the cerbellopontine angle?
200
The scala vestibuli innervates with the __________ at the _______________ window here.
What is stapes and oval window?
200
These channels open during excitation (allowing potassium ions into the cell) and close during inhibition.
What are Ion channels?
200
The sebaceous and ceruminous glands are in this portion of the external auditory canal?
What is the cartilaginous portion?
200
The three bones in the ossicular chain.
What are the malleus, incus, and stapes?
200
Short period of exhaustion during which neuron cannot respond to stimulation.
What is the absolute refractory period?
300
A membrane located at the top of the Organ of Corti, in which some of the hair cell stereocilia are embedded.
What is the tectorial membrane?
300
Substructure in the Organ of Corti which connects taller and shorter hair cells, and facilitates mechanical opening of channels on top of the cells when excited, permitting ions to flow through it.
What are tip-links (and cross-links)?
300
This boost in sound pressure level reaching the tympanic membrane is caused by an amplification effect related to the characteristics of the external auditory meatus.
What is the ear canal resonance effect?
300
The function of the middle ear which allows it to overcome the impedance mismatch of sound in air traveling through to fluid in the cochlea
What is impedance matching transformer?
300
The collective sum of many individual auditory neurons firing almost simultaneously within the bundle of auditory nerves.
What is the compound action potential?
400
The sensory organ for hearing, within the scala media.
What is the Organ of Corti?
400
The process where the haircells transform mechanical energy from the middle ear to electrical energy in the cochlea
What is transduction?
400
A graph or function which shows how the sound reaching the eardrum is affected by the direction of the sound source relative to the head.
What is head-related transfer function?
400
Two muscles in the middle ear which contribute to stiffness within the middle ear cavity.
What are the tensor tympani muscle (innervated by cranial nerve V) and the stapedius muscle (cranial nerve VII)?
400
The period shortly after depolarization in a neuron, during which the neuron could produce a response, depending on the intensity of the stimulus.
What is the relative refractory period?
500
The displacement of this structure, when sound waves travel through the cochlea, leads to receptor potentials in the hair cells.
What is the Basilar Membrane?
500
The type of movement of stereocilia that leads to excitation, causing an influx of potassium and then calcium into the cell.
What is the shearing action?
500
The difference between the intensity level of the signal reaching the two ears (one compared to the other)
What is interaural (inter-ear) intensity difference?
500
The force that is exerted over the larger area of the tympanic membrane, transmitted to the smaller area of the oval window.
What is the area advantage of the middle ear?
500
The major synaptic way-stations of the primary ascending auditory pathway.
What are the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, lateral leminiscus, inferior colliculus, and medial geniculate body?