Pump It Up
This phase of the cardiac cycle occurs when all valves are closed and ventricular pressure is rising.
What is isovolumetric contraction?
Binding of this ion to troponin C initiates cardiac muscle contraction.
What is calcium?
In laminar flow, shear stress is highest at this location within the vessel.
What is the endothelial surface?
The earliest event leading to atherosclerosis
What is endothelial damage or stress?
The heart is located in this division of the mediastinum
What is the middle mediastinum?
This law explains how increased ventricular filling leads to stronger contraction.
What is Frank–Starling’s Law (of the heart)?
During the cardiac action potential, phase 1 (initial repolarization) is primarily caused by the efflux of this ion.
What is potassium?
This term describes the pressure difference that drives filtration across a capillary wall.
What is net filtration pressure?
In left-sided hear failure, this Starling force promotes pulmonary oedema.
What is increased capillary hydrostatic pressure?
The posterior interventricular artery arises most commonly from this coronary artery
What is the right coronary artery?
This heart sound corresponds to closure of the AV valves.
What is S1?
This ion current drives spontaneous depolarization in SA node pacemaker cells.
What is a funny current?
Arterioles are the primary site of this hemodynamic property in the circulation.
What is vascular resistance?
This type of shock is characterised by widespread vasodilation and low systemic vascular resistance.
What is septic (distributive) shock?
What are T1-T4?
Sarcomeres added in parallel produce this type of hypertrophy seen with pressure overload.
What is concentric hypertrophy?
This autonomic neurotransmitter increases heart rate by steepening the pacemaker potential.
What is noradrenaline?
Different doses of this hormone will result in either vasoconstriction or vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
What is adrenaline?
This valvular defect causes left-sided ventricular volume overload and eccentric hypertrophy.
What is aortic regurgitation?
One week post MI, this immune cell predominates in the necrotic myocardium
What are macrophages?