Medications & Lifestyle
Which class of drugs lowers both BP and HR?
Beta-blockers.
What is the BP to classify HTN?
stage 1: SBP 130–139 mmHg or DBP 80–89 mmHg.
stage 2: SBP >140 mmHg or DBP >90 mmHg.
What is the good cholesterol
HDL
What is the patho of CAD?
hardening of the arteries
What is the patho for PVD? PAD?
PVD- "venous thrombosis"; weak vein walls -> valve enlarge -> incompetent valve allow back flow -> back flow inc pressure
PAD- narrowing of arteries due to thickening
What should a nurse include in patient education for someone with CAD?
risk factors, complications (HF, MI), medication compliance, lifestyle changes (a low-sodium & low-fat diet, regular physical activity, managing stress and avoiding tobacco/ ETOH)
What are influencing factors of HTN?
too much fluid, inc in renin, insulin resistance, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, stress, frequent ETOH use
What should we monitor when patient is takin lipid lowering drugs aka -statins ?
liver function - check ast, alt, bilirubin
What are risk factors for CAD?
fatty plaque build up, genetics, cholesterol >200, triglyceride > 150, LDL > 160, HDL < 40 = men; HDL < 50 = women, obesity, HTN, smoking
What is intermittent claudication?
leg pain that happens when you’re active and stops when you rest (PAD)
Which diet is recommended to lower cardiovascular risk?
DASH or Mediterranean diet.
What are early manifestations of HTN?
HEADACHE, fatigue, dizziness, palpation
When is the best time to get -statins?
at night = liver works best
Which diagnostic test visualizes coronary artery blockages?
Cardiac catheterization.
What PVD occurs in superficial veins and which one occurs in deep veins?
varicose = superficial
DVT =deep
Which medication prevents clot formation in CAD and PAD patients?
Aspirin (antiplatelet).
What are last manifestations of HTN? (hypertensive crisis)
organ damage, retinal damage, PVD, CHF
what is normal for HDL?
above 60
What is classic symptom of CAD
angina
What are some clinical manifestations for PAD?
intermittent claudication, paresthesia, sjiny skin, cap > 3 sec, feet down = red, feet elevated = white
In addition to antihypertensives, what other class of medications are used to treat PAD and PVD?
anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications
How is HTN diagnosed?
Having elevated BP on 2 separate occasions at least 6 months apart
what is normal for LDL?
below 100
What is the gold standard treatment for severe CAD?
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
measures the ratio of the systolic blood pressure in the ankle with the systolic blood pressure in the arm and is a test that helps determine the degree of stenosis in the arteries of lower extremities.