Medications & Lifestyle
Which class of drugs lowers both BP and HR?
Beta-blockers.
stable angina, relieved with rest and nitro
What is the good cholesterol
HDL
What is the patho of CAD?
hardening of the arteries
What is the patho for PVD? PAD?
PVD- "venous thrombosis"; weak vein walls -> valve enlarge -> incompetent valve allow back flow -> back flow inc pressure
PAD- narrowing of arteries due to thickening
What should a nurse include in patient education for someone with CAD?
risk factors, complications (HF, MI), medication compliance, lifestyle changes (a low-sodium & low-fat diet, regular physical activity, managing stress and avoiding tobacco/ ETOH)
what is: when part of the cardiac muscle becomes deprived of oxygen
What labs are associated with cardiac damage?
Troponin, CK-MB
What are risk factors for CAD?
fatty plaque build up, genetics, cholesterol >200, triglyceride > 150, LDL > 160, HDL < 40 = men; HDL < 50 = women, obesity, HTN, smoking
What is intermittent claudication?
leg pain that happens when you’re active and stops when you rest (PAD)
Which diet is recommended to lower cardiovascular risk?
DASH or Mediterranean diet.
What are the clinical manifestations of ACS?
What is: fatigue, dizziness, chest pain "pressure" diaphoresis, clammy, Women- GI upset.
How could you determine if someone is experience a STEMI?
12 lead EKG
Which diagnostic test visualizes coronary artery blockages?
Cardiac catheterization.
What PVD occurs in superficial veins and which one occurs in deep veins?
varicose = superficial
DVT =deep
Which medication prevents clot formation in CAD and PAD patients?
Aspirin (antiplatelet).
How do we treat ACS/STEMI?
what is normal for HDL?
above 60
What is classic symptom of CAD
angina
What are some clinical manifestations for PAD?
intermittent claudication, paresthesia, sjiny skin, cap > 3 sec, feet down = red, feet elevated = white
In addition to antihypertensives, what other class of medications are used to treat PAD and PVD?
anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications
How would you reinforce nitro teaching?
what is normal for LDL?
below 100
What is the gold standard treatment for severe CAD?
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
measures the ratio of the systolic blood pressure in the ankle with the systolic blood pressure in the arm and is a test that helps determine the degree of stenosis in the arteries of lower extremities.