S & S of CHF
A common assessment found in the lower extremity of heart failure patients...
What is peripheral edema?
Low sodium diet, fluid restriction, smoking cessation, and weight management.
What are lifestyle changes recommended for patients with heart failure?
This term describes a clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood.
What is heart failure?
This class of medications is used in the HF patient to enhance renal excretion of sodium and water; treat fluid overload...
What are diuretics?
This substance should be kept to a maximum of 2-3 grams per day for a CHF patient...
What is Sodium?
The amount of blood ejected by the heart with each beat.
What is ejection fraction (EF)?
Pulmonary symptom heart failure patients report when doing activities of daily living.
What is dyspnea upon exertion?
Daily intervention to determine fluid retention.
What is daily weight for HF patients?
On physical exam of a patient with left heart failure, you will hear these sounds in the bases of the lungs from excess fluid accumulation...
What are crackles?
At home and in the hospital, this piece of data should be collected every day and monitored closely for increases in CHF patients...
What are daily weight?
Fluid intake for CHF patients should be limited to this amount per day...
What is 2 liters or as directed by healthcare provider?
It used to be called "Systolic HF". Heart can not squeeze the blood out, muscle is weak = boggy heart. (EF <40%)
What is heart failure with reduced EF (HF r EF)?
This sign accompanies the clients peripheral edema and should be monitored daily...
What is weight gain?
A neurohormone that helps regulate BP and fluid balance
What is brainnatriuretic peptide (BNP)?
Heart wall thickening, or enlargement of the myocardium, is called this...
What is myocardial hypertrophy?
Diuretics should be taken at this time of the day...
What is in the morning?
Lunch meats, bacon, sausage, hot dogs, canned tuna, olives and pickles, tomato and vegetable juice, corn chips, potato chips, boxed dinners, popcorn, canned mil, canned soup, broth, salted nuts.
What are canned and processed foods that contain high levels of sodium?
Used to be called "Diastolic Heart Failure". Heart can not fill with blood, muscle too thick, not enough space or heart cannot relax during diastole to allow blood in. EF > 50%
What is heart failure with Preserved EF (HF p EF)?
This sign is noticeable when an exacerbated CHF patients lie on bed at 30-45 degrees, with head turned to one side or the other...
What is Jugular vein distention (JVD)?
An ultrasound test that uses a transducer, which creates a high pitched sound waves to test the heart.
What is an Echocardiogram?
This occurs when a CHF patient wakes up in the middle of the night coughing and short of breath, classically resolving when the patient gets up and goes to the window for air...
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
This class of drugs enhance the contractility of the heart ...
What are inotropic drugs?
Lemon, spices and herbs.
What items are low in sodium to use in place of salt?
The term used for right and left ventricular dysfunction.
What is biventricular Heart Failure ?
The lung sound heard during ascultation of lung bases. It results from backup of blood, which increases blood pressure and causes fluid to collect in the air sacs.
What are crackles?
Sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, BUN, BNP, LFT, and ABG's.
What are electrolytes and other labs for monitoring patients with heart failure?
This lab value is increased due to enzymes produced and released by the ventricles when a HF patient has fluid overload...
What is Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)?
Electrolyte that is monitored when HF patient is taking diuretics.
What is potassium?
CHF patients should avoid milk and milk products because these foods/ beverages are high in this substance...
What is fat?
Blood is shunted to the core and causes peripheral vasoconstriction.
What is low cardiac output?