Left Sided
Typical Causes of left sided heart failure.
hypertension, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathy.
Typical Causes for right sided heart failure.
left ventricular failure, right ventricular MI, pulmonary hypertension.
pressure/resistance the ventricles must overcome to eject blood through the semilunar valves & into the peripheral blood vessels. amount of resistance is directly related to BP & blood vessel diameter.
afterload
Values often reveal hypoxemia
ABG
What is priority when assessing patients with edema?
daily weights
Symptoms of left sided heart failure.
Shortness of breath, dry/non-productive cough, pulmonary crackles, bibasilar crackles, low oxygen saturation. Pulmonary edema.
Which assessment finding does the nurse anticipate in a client with right sided heart failure?
Jugular vein distension, enlarged abdominal girth
aortic stenosis
What non-blood test can be used to determine heart failure?
Chest XR, echocardiogram, EKG
What should be assessed on a focused physical assessment on a heart failure patient?
auscultate lungs, auscultate heart sounds, palpate for edema, check capillary refill, oxygen saturation.
What is impaired as a result of left ventricular failure?
Perfusion
A patient reports nausea and anorexia who is also diagnosed with right-sided heart failure. What could be the reason for these symptoms.
liver engorgement
peptide produced and released by the ventricles when the patient has fluid overload when the patient has heart failure.
BNP
What will a urinalysis reveal in a heart failure patient?
proteinuria and high specific gravity
What nutritional intake value should be limited or restricted with a patient with heart failure.
sodium.
alternation between a weak & strong pulse, often a sign of left-sided heart failure.
pulsus alternans
during late right sided heart failure if the surface area of the valve becomes 1 cm or less what would be indicated.
surgery. this is an urgent case.
withdrawal of pericardial fluid through a catheter inserted into the pericardial space to relieve the pressure on the heart
pericardiocentesis
What determines the functionality of you heart?
ejection fracture
What medications would the nurse anticipate being ordered for a patient with heart failure?
ACE-inhibitors and ARBs.
enalapril & captopril are ACE-inhibitors.
valsartan & losartan are ARB.
S3 gallop
Right sided heart is the main cause of?
pulmonary hypertension.
accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space
pericardial effusion
Provides information about left ventricular ejection fraction and velocity.
Multigated blood pool scans
What medication is given to reduce fluid overload in a heart failure medication? What drug class is this medication?
furosemide' loop diuretic.