Cardiac Conduction System
Where does the cardiac conduction system begin?
The Sinoatrial, SA, Node.
After the blood is oxygenated and leaves the heart, where does it go?
to the rest of the body
This chamber contracts first, pushing deoxygenated blood through the tricuspid valve into the ventricle.
What is the right atrium?
Exercising the heart increases it’s _______
efficiency
If the SA and AV node are both inoperable, how many beats per minute can the remainder of the conducting system generate?
30 BPM
What is the intrinsic rate of the SA Node?
100 bpm, slowed to 70-80
The blood returns from the lungs through what to get to the left atrium?
pulmonary arteries
This ECG wave complex represents ventricular depolarization, when the tricuspid valve closes and the “Lubb” heart sounds occurs.
What is the QRS Complex?
: What is a healthy person’s target heart rate while exercising so that cardiac output is maintained?
120-160 bpm
what does CO, SV, HR stand for?
cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate
What are some differences between the SA Node and the AV Node?
SA - located where SVC meets RV, begins the cardiac conduction system
AV - located between the RA and RV, passes electrical impulse from the SA node to the Bundle of His.
Blood flows through the aortic valve into what?
ascending aorta
In this phase, the R ventricle contracts and deoxygenated blood is pushed through pulmonary valve, toward the lungs.
What is ventricular ejection?
In healthy individuals, what is the maximum heart rate they could (and only should) reach?
200-220 bpm
what can a regular exercise routine help with (multiple possible answers)
Lower blood pressure
Lessen risk of developing diabetes
Maintain healthy body weight
Reduce inflammation throughout the body
What is the name of the last part of the cardiac conduction system that passes the electrical impulses to the ventricles and causes them to contract?
Purkinje fibers
What valve gets forced open after a contraction of the left ventricle?
aortic valve
This ECG wave represents ventricular repolarization, when the ventricles reset after contraction. (Recovery Stage)
What is the T wave?
what is the difference between maximum and resting CO?
the cardiac reserve
These are the only arteries in the human body that carry deoxygenated blood.
What are the pulmonary arteries?
What is the pathway of cardiac conduction through the heart?
SA node to AV node. AV node to the bundle of His. Bundle of his to the right and left bundle branches. Bundle branches to the purkinje fibers.
After the blood is oxygenated, it flows through the left atrium and through ______ to get to ________.
bicuspid valve and left ventricle
What is it called when the ventricles relax and fill with blood from the atria?
What is ventricular filling?
As a person’s heart rate increases, what happens to the stroke volume? The cardiac output?
-The stroke volume will gradually decrease due to decreased filling time.
-cardiac volume will initially remain stable due to the high heart rate, but will eventually decrease due to the decrease in stroke volume.
What are the layers of the heart from outermost to innermost?
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium