Anatomy
How many chambers are in the heart?
4
Which nervous system division increases heart rate?
Sympathetic nervous system
What is the medical term for a heart attack?
Myocardial infarction (MI)
What test records the electrical activity of the heart?
EKG or ECG
What is the famous CPR guideline ratio for compressions to breaths in adults?
30:2
What heart chamber pumps blood into the lungs?
Right ventricle
This is the amount of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute
Cardiac output
What condition is caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup?
Coronary artery disease
An ultrasound of the heart is called what?
Echocardiogram
About how much blood is in the human body?
5 liters, 1.3 gallons, or 10-11 pints
What heart chamber has the thickest myocardium?
Left ventricle
What structure acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Sudden tearing chest pain radiating to the back suggests what emergency?
Aortic dissection
What is pericardial fluid compressing the heart called?
Cardiac tamponade
When does a fetus's heart begin to beat?
Around 5-6 weeks gestation
What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle? What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Tricuspid and mitral valves
This phase of the cardiac cycle is when the heart relaxes and fills?
Diastole
Which type of shock is caused by the heart’s inability to pump effectively?
Cardiogenic shock
ST elevation on ECG is typically associated with what type of heart attack?
STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction)
The average adult heart weighs about how much?
250–350 grams
What structure separates the right and left ventricles internally?
Interventricular septum
What causes the S1 heart sound?
The closure of the AV valves
What congenital defect is a hole between the ventricles?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
What cardiac biomarker is most specific for myocardial injury?
Troponin
The average human heart generates enough pressure to squirt blood how many feet?
About 30 feet