blood vessels
•carry blood away from heart
arteries
•The force per unit area exerted on a vessel
blood pressure
blood flows into what atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava?
right atrium
Circulatory shock
•Any condition where blood vessels are inadequately filled
Hypovolemic shock
•result of large scale blood or fluid loss
•Hemorrhage, severe vomiting or diarrhea, extensive burns
veins
•return blood to the heart
120 is a normal bp for
systolic
The QRS complex is:
ventricular depolarization
vascular shock
•blood volume normal, but circulation reduced – result of extreme vasodilation
•Common cause – anaphylaxis or sepsis
•Angiotensin II – vasoconstrictor which increases blood pressure (ACE inhibitors are a common hypertension drug that prevent this hormone) would be an example of what kind of circulation control? neural, hormonal, or local
– smallest vessels – exchange of gasses, nutrients, etc between blood and tissues
capillaries
•Low blood pressure
•Below 90/60 mm Hg
hypotension
The SA node is the cardiac rhythm maker. T/F
true
cardiogenic shock
•heart can’t sustain adequate circulation, result of myocardial damage
prevent back flow of blood in veins
Venous valves
•relaxes smooth muscle, increases diameter
vasodilation
hypertension
•Chronically elevated blood pressure
•Above 140 mm Hg systolic or above 90 mm Hg diastolic
The pulmonary arteries are unique how?
only arteries that bring blood away from heart
•Accumulation of excess fluid in tissues
edema
three controls of circulation
hormonal local and neural
Vasoconstriction
contracts smooth muscle, decrease diameter
diastolic blood pressure
during heart relaxation, vessel collapses again, 80 bpm
The L ventricle is bigger because?
it pumps blood to the whole body
•Leaky vein valves
•Causes dilated, twisted veins
•Heredity, obesity, pregnancy, prolonged standing in one position can contribute
•Can lead to blood clots and swelling
varicose veins
•Walls of arteries become thicker
•Causes hypertension
•Endothelium (inner lining of arteries) injured
atherosclerosis