Heart Anatomy
Coronary Circulation/Blood flow
Skeletal vs. Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Cycle
Other
100
Where does the apex of the heart sit?
diaphragm
100
What are the two branches of the coronary arteries called?
left and right
100
Freebie!
Know the table from the slides!!
100
What does the prefix iso- mean?
iso=same
100
Which heart chamber is responsible for systemic blood pressure?
Left ventricle
200
What causes the AV and SL valves to open and close?
changes in pressure
200
what does the pulmonary artery carry?
deoxygenated blood
200
What is the difference in refractory period between skeletal and cardiac muscle cells?
Skeletal: 1-2ms Cardiac: 200ms
200
EDV minus _____ = ESV
Stroke Volume
200
What supports, anchors, and insulates the heart?
Cardiac Skeleton
300
What are the three layers of heart covering?
Fibrous pericardium, parietal and visceral serous membranes
300
What is the function of the coronary sinus?
Drains deoxygenated blood from the heart into the right atrium
300
What are the differences in energy requirements between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells?
Skeletal: can use anaerobic respiration Cardiac: require oxygen
300
What does the QRS complex mask?
Atrial repolarization
300
How do neural controls decrease BP? Name three techniques.
arteriolar vasodilation, venodilation, decreased Cardiac Output (CO)
400
What layer of heart is thicker on the left side?
myocardium
400
Name the five branches of the left and right coronary arteries?
anterior and posterior interventricular arteries, anterior and posterior marginal arteries, circumflex artery
400
What are the differences in contraction between skeletal and cardiac muscle cells?
Skeletal: contracts in motor units Cardiac: contracts as a whole, in functional syncytium
400
What does lines crossing on the Cardiac Cycle diagram signify?
The opening or closing of valves
400
What is ectopic focus?
When anything other than the SA node is initiating the heart rhythm
500
What prevents the AV valves from inverting when the ventricles fill with blood?
Chordae tendineae
500
which branch of the coronary arteries is called the widow maker and why?
anterior interventricular artery of the left coronary artery - supplies blood to the left ventricle
500
What are the differences in stimulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells?
Skeletal: use motor neurons Cardiac: use autorhythmic cells
500
Explain the difference between a heart beat and a heart sound?
Heartbeat: number of times the heart contracts in one minute Heart sound: the sound of valves closing (2 per heartbeat)
500
How do pacemaker potentials contribute to action potentials in the heart?
Increase voltage in cell membrane bringing it up to threshold for the next action potential
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