Topic 1-2
thermometer definition
Mechanical or electrical devices used for measuring temperature. Instrument for measuring temperature.
Laws of the particle model of matter.
-All substances made of particles are too small to be seen
-The particles are always in motion(vibrating, rotating and in fluids, moving from place to place)
-The particles have spaces between them
-Motion of particles increases with the temperature.
Define expansion and contraction.
Expansion-increasing in volume as the temperature rises
Contraction-decreasing in volume as temperature drops
What is a fluid?
A liquid or a gas.
Name a con of wind energy.
Loud(noise pollution), high maintenance, vibration of ground, etc.
Reason for scales on thermometers
Without markings there is no indicated numbers or precise measurement.
thermal energy definition
Energy associated with hot objects.
Name the 3 states of matter and an example for each.
Solid, liquid, and gas. Examples my vary.
what is thermal conductionÉ
The process of transferring thermal energy through direct collisions of particles.
What is the difference between passive and active solar heating?
passive solar heating-uses materials of a structure to hold/absorb/store and release solar energy.
active solar heating-using mechanical devices(fans)to distribute stored thermal energy.
two temperatures Anders Celsius chose to base his measurements on and what substance
100 degrees(boiling point) and 0 degrees(freezing point) for water
Why is it hard to test the particle model of matter?
Because the particles are too small to be experimented on.
Which state of matter shows the largest change when heated or cooled?
Solids.
What is emr?
The transfer of energy without movement of matter.
Name a pro and a con of hydro-electricity.
Pro:Clean energy, Renewable, Can use natural landscape.
Con:Loud, disrupts ecosystem, high maintenance.
explain how a thermocouple works
Two wires made of different metals twisted together, when heated small electrical currents are generated, amount of current depends on temperature of wires. Electric current can switch a valve on and off.
How is thermal energy different from temperature?
Temperature is the average of kinetic energy generated by particles, while thermal energy is the total.
Why do some solids expand when heated and contract when cooled?
Because the heat causes the particles to vibrate and bump into nearby particles, causing them to spread out. But when cooled, the heat is being reduced, bringing the particles closer together.
Define evaporative cooling.
When high energy particles leave the surface of a liquid, and the remaining liquid is cooler.
Why is gas not a dependable resource?
Because eventually it will run out and it will be thousands of years before it will reform, and it is not a clean form of energy.
Thermocouples can measure higher temperatures than thermometers because?
Because the liquid in a thermometer will evaporate if exposed with high enough temperatures. While with thermocouples, the wires have a higher resistance.
Why is Lavoisier's theory still discussed even though it was incorrect?
Because without his contribution it would have never pushed other scientists to discover and prove his theory.
Why do concrete roads and sidewalks have grooves between them?
So that when they expand and contract the concrete is not damaged.
Name all the transformations of water.
Melt, Freeze, Evaporate, Condensate, and Sublimation.
When is carbon monoxide produced and why is it dangerousé
When fires do not have enough oxygen to burn, and it is odourless and colourless meaning it can kill you without you knowing.