States of Matter
This state of matter has a definite shape and volume.
What is a solid?
The phase change from liquid to gas.
What is vaporization/evaporation?
Heat always flows from this type of object to this type of object.
What is hot to cold?
On a heat curve, the sloped lines represent this.
What is a temperature change?
In solids, particles mainly do this type of motion.
What is vibrate in place?
In this state of matter, particles move freely and spread to fill the container.
What is a gas?
The phase change from gas to liquid.
What is condensation?
This is the measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.
What is temperature?
On a heat curve, the flat lines represent this.
What is a phase change?
As temperature increases, particle motion does this.
What is increases?
Which state of matter has particles that slide past each other but stay close together?
What is a liquid?
The phase change from solid directly to gas.
What is sublimation?
Adding heat to ice at 0°C causes this to happen to the particles.
They vibrate faster and break free to become liquid.
When a substance is melting, its temperature does this.
What is stays the same?
In gases, particles move this way.
What is rapidly and randomly?
Name one property that changes when a substance changes states.
What is shape or volume?
Freezing is an example of this type of energy change.
What is exothermic?
What kind of energy is stored in chemical bonds?
What is potential energy?
Which type of heat transfer is most important when a pot of water is boiling on a stove, carrying heat throughout the liquid?
What is convection?
Explain why gases are compressible but liquids are not.
Because gas particles are far apart, liquids are close together.
Explain why the spacing and motion of particles in a gas make it possible to compress a gas, but not a liquid or solid.
Because gas particles are far apart with empty space between them, they can be pushed closer together. Liquids and solids have particles that are already tightly packed, so they cannot be compressed easily.
During melting, heat is added but the temperature doesn’t rise. Explain where the energy goes and why the temperature stays constant.
The energy goes into breaking the intermolecular forces holding the solid particles together, changing them into a liquid. Since the energy is used for the phase change, particle motion (temperature) doesn’t increase.
During a phase change, heat energy goes into changing this property, not temperature.
What is the arrangement/bonding of particles?
Compare conduction, convection, and radiation in terms of how heat is transferred. Give an example of each during heating or phase changes.
Conduction: Heat transfer by direct particle contact (e.g., pot handle getting hot).
Convection: Heat transfer by movement of fluids (e.g., boiling water circulating).
Radiation: Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves (e.g., heat from the stove burner or the Sun).
During condensation, particles do this.
Lose energy and move closer together.