Temperature & Thermal Energy
This measures the average kinetic energy of particles
What is temperature?
Heat always moves from _____ to _____.
Hot to cold
Heat transfer by direct contact.
Conduction
A material that allows heat to move easily.
Conductor
What is specific heat?
The amount of energy needed to change temperature.
This is the total energy of all moving particles in matter.
What is thermal energy?
Heat is energy that transfers because of a difference in _____.
Temperature
Heat transfer by movement of liquids and gases.
Convection
A material that slows heat transfer.
Insulator
Does radiation require matter?
No.
Which has more thermal energy: a cup of hot water or a warm swimming pool? Why?
The swimming pool, because it has more matter.
What happens to particles when an object gains heat?
They move faster.
Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves.
Radiation
Why are metals good conductors?
Particles are close together and energy transfers easily.
What type of heat transfer heats Earth from the Sun?
Radiation
This tool is used to measure temperature.
What is a thermometer?
What happens to particles when an object loses heat?
They move slower.
Why does warm air rise?
It becomes less dense.
Water has a high specific heat. What does that mean?
It changes temperature slowly.
Why do coastal areas have milder climates?
Water’s high specific heat.
Explain the difference between temperature and thermal energy.
Temperature = average motion; thermal energy = total energy including amount of matter.
Why doesn’t heat move from cold objects to hot objects naturally?
Because energy flows toward balance/equilibrium.
Name a situation where all three types of heat transfer happen at once.
Cooking soup (conduction, convection, radiation)
Why do bridges have expansion joints?
To allow thermal expansion.
Explain a convection current.
Warm rises, cool sinks, forming a cycle.