Study Guide Terms 1
This land bridge connected Asia to North America during the Ice Age, allowing the first humans to migrate to the Americas.
What is Beringia?
This Puritan leader was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and envisioned the colony as a "city upon a hill."
Who is John Winthrop?
This "Lost Colony" was the first English settlement in North America, which mysteriously disappeared in the late 16th century.
What is Roanoke?
This conflict, occurring in the 1630s, was fought between the Pequot tribe and English settlers allied with the Mohegan and Narragansett tribes.
What is the Pequot War?
This intellectual movement, which emphasized reason, science, and individual rights, influenced political thought in colonial America and Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries.
What is the Enlightenment?
These Native American tribes, including the Iroquois and Algonquians, inhabited areas of the northeastern United States and relied on agriculture, hunting, and fishing.
What are the Eastern Woodland Cultures?
This English writer and geographer promoted the establishment of English colonies in North America, particularly through his works on exploration.
Who is Richard Hakluyt?
This economic theory, which dominated European colonial policy, emphasized accumulating wealth through a favorable balance of trade, often using colonies as sources of raw materials.
What is mercantilism?
These goods, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, were restricted by law to be shipped only to England or its colonies.
What are enumerated goods?
This British law required American colonists to purchase a government-issued stamp for printed materials, sparking widespread protests.
What is the Stamp Act of 1765?
This harrowing sea voyage transported millions of enslaved Africans to the Americas, often under brutal conditions, during the transatlantic slave trade.
What is the Middle Passage?
This powerful Native American chief led the Powhatan Confederacy, which interacted with the early Jamestown settlers.
Who is Powhatan?
This religious group, also known as the Society of Friends, was founded by George Fox and promoted equality, pacifism, and religious tolerance.
Who are the Quakers?
This series of laws, enacted in the 17th century, aimed to control colonial trade and ensure that only English ships could carry goods to and from the colonies.
What are the Navigation Acts?
Known as the Intolerable Acts in the colonies, these laws were enacted by Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party and aimed at punishing Massachusetts.
What are the Coercive Acts?
This exchange of goods, crops, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World began following Columbus’s voyages in the late 15th century.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This form of slavery, where enslaved people are treated as personal property, was central to the economy of the southern colonies.
What is chattel slavery?
This agreement, signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower, established a self-governing colony based on majority rule.
What is the Mayflower Compact?
These religious figures, often traveling from town to town, played a significant role in spreading the Great Awakening, a religious revival in colonial America.
What are itinerant preachers?
This proposal, made in 1754 by Benjamin Franklin, aimed to unite the colonies for defense against the French but was rejected by both the colonies and the British government.
What is the Albany Plan?
This English explorer played a key role in the establishment of the Jamestown colony in Virginia and was famously saved by Pocahontas, according to legend.
Who is John Smith?
This legislative body, established in 1619 in Virginia, was the first representative assembly in colonial America.
What is the House of Burgesses?
This Native American leader, also known as King Philip, led a major uprising against English settlers in New England in the 1670s.
Who is Metacomet?
This term refers to a group of religious followers during the Great Awakening who embraced the emotional and experiential aspects of faith, often opposing traditional clergy.
What are "New Lights"?
This indigenous 1680 uprising in New Mexico successfully expelled Spanish colonists and missionaries from the region for over a decade.
What is the Pueblo Revolt?