Lymph Nodes/Neck
Which gland is butterfly-shaped, with two lobes positioned on either side of the trachea?
What is the Thyroid Gland?
What is the medical term for yellowing of the sclera due to liver disease?
Jaundice
What color is a healthy tympanic membrane under otoscopic exam?
Pearly gray
The pink, moist lining of the inner cheeks is called what?
Buccal mucosa
What does “HEENT” stand for?
Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat
Name at least six lymph nodes on the head/neck?
Preauricular
~Posterior auricular
~Occipital
~Submental
Submandibular
Tonsillar (jugulodigastric)
Superficial cervical
Deep cervical chain
Posterior cervical chain
What does PERRLA stand for?
Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation
What exam distinguishes air vs bone conduction of sound?
Rinne test
What grade describes tonsils occupying 51–75% of the oropharynx
Grade 3
What is the medical term for nosebleed?
Epistaxis
Which maneuver would be painful/difficult in suspected meningitis?
Touching chin to chest. (Nuchal rigidity)
Which exam technique evaluates for nystagmus?
Extraocular movements (EOMs)
How do you pull the ear for otoscopic exam in adults vs children under 3?
Adults: up & back; Pediatrics: down & back
Involuntary tongue movements are called what?
Fasciculations
What is the clinical significance of a midline trachea vs tracheal deviation?
Midline = normal; deviation suggests tension pneumothorax, mass, or effusion
How do cancerous vs noncancerous lymph nodes differ?
Cancerous = hard, painless, fixed; Noncancerous = softer, mobile, tender
What color is the normal optic disc?
Yellow–orange
What are the nasal bony structures that regulate airflow and humidify air?
Turbinates
What urgent condition presents with pus, unilateral swelling, and uvular deviation?
Peritonsillar abscess
What finding on fundoscopic exam is pathognomonic for increased intracranial pressure?
Papilledema
What is Virchow’s node, and why is it clinically significant?
A left supraclavicular node; enlargement may indicate thoracic or abdominal malignancy
What is the red reflex, and why is it important in exam?
The reddish-orange reflection from the retina when using an ophthalmoscope; absence may indicate cataract, retinoblastoma, or retinal detachment
What is the Weber test, and what does lateralization mean?
A tuning fork is placed on the midline skull; sound lateralizes to affected ear in conductive loss and to unaffected ear in sensorineural loss
What condition is suggested by white, curd-like plaques on the oral mucosa that scrape off with mild bleeding?
Oral candidiasis (thrush)
On HEENT exam, you note a midline uvula that deviates when the patient says “ah.” Which cranial nerve is being tested
Cranial Nerve X (Vagus); deviation is toward the normal side due to ipsilateral weakness