eyes/ears
what are some differences between the different types of conjunctivitis? (viral, bacterial, allergic, trauma)
viral and allergic present in both eyes; viral and allergic have clear drainage (or clear to white); bacterial presents in one eye and has mucopurulent discharge; trauma presents with excess tears
what are some s/s of strep pharyngitis?
abrupt onset with tonsilar exudate or petechiae on palate (classic), painful cervical lymphadenopathy, high fever, scarletina rash on chest and around mouth
what is a red flag for a post op tonsillectomy pt
trickling of bright red blood
what is the tx for LTB and spasmodic croup?
NEVER SWAB (why?)
titrate o2 >92%
po or iv fluids
inhaled racemic epinephrine and iv corticosteroids
humidity
what are Morgan-Dennie lines and what are they associated with?
what is an allergic salute?
thickening of the eyelids, associated with allergic conjunctivitis. an allergic salute is the permanent line on the nose from a child constantly wiping their nose.
what is the tx of bacterial pharyngitis?
penecilin, erythromycin, keflex (if allergic to pcn) x10d, tylenol and fluids
what is this lung sound? (1)
stridor
chronic lung dysplasia associated with preterm births requiring ventilation and oxygen dependency. these children will have high caloric needs and have an increased susceptibility to infections (23 pneumococcal and synergist vax)
bacterial tracheitis is an infection of the mucosa of which part of the trachea?
upper
what is the etiology of acute otitis media?
eustachian tube dysfunction paired with upper respiratory infection
what are the 3 complications from untreated strep?
rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, meningitis
there are two patients in respiratory distress. one is having intercostal retractions and the other is having suprasternal retractions. which pt condition is more severe? (2)
suprasternal. the higher up the retractions, the more severe
this sound is associated with what condition? (3)
croup
pt presents with a frog-like or absent voice, difficulty swallowing, drooling, clear respiratory distress with stridor, and thumb sign on xr. what are these cardinal signs of?
acute epiglottitis
dysphonia, dysphagia, drooling, and distress= do not leave child until intubated
hib vaccine is the best prevention
what is the treatment for a positive case of STI conjunctivitis?
oral abx with positive and while awaiting cultures.
a positive monospot, cbc indicating atypical lymphs, and/or positive heterophylic antibody correlates to what dx
mononucleosis
what is the treatment for apnea of prematurity?
tactile stimulation, aminophylline, theophylline, caffeine (no 1 choice)
phylline=bronchodilators
bacterial
rsv is the most common cause of this, which is the common cold in you and I
bronchiolitis
what are the tx for pt presenting with bacterial aom and they are very ill-appearing and/or <6mos?
amoxicillin and augmentin (amox + clavulanate potassium) for infection and tylenol/motrin for pain and fever
what are 2 things to avoid when you have mono?
amoxicillin (will cause rash), contact sport
what is apparent life-threatening events (ALTE)?
what can cause it?
dx referring to incident where caregiver finds baby "blue in bed" or similar (unresponsive, limp, color change, tone)
may be secondary to infection, GER, GERD, seizures, cardiac issues, metabolic, endocrine problems, or for unknown reasons
in this type of croup, you will see suprasternal retractions, a steeple sign on xr, and can progress to resp acidosis, failure, and death
laryngo-tracheal-bronchitis
what is the prophylactic monthly vaccine for preemies to prevent rsv?
synagis vaccine