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addiction is viewed as a symptom of underlying neurosis. It presumes that the addictive behavior has its roots in early experiences and relationships and that the behavior itself is a means of expressing unconscious, unresolved conflict. Focus on environmental factors including those from early childhood contributes to treatment plan.
psychodynamic model of addiction
explains addictions as a fatal, progressive disease. The addict possesses a body chemistry or predisposition that promotes addiction. Addiction is a disease that requires medical attention
medical model
includes components of all models except moral model. Provides comprehensive framework for exploring the interactions and intricacies of addictive disorders. Attempts to capture the biological, psychological, and social components of addiction and attempts to explain it as a multidimensional issue that can encompass all of these factors
biopsychosocial model of addiction
John Watson & B.F. Skinner, belief in nurturing as the most significant factor in one’s development. Human behavior changes in direct response to environmental stimuli.
behaviorist
individuals develop in the context of relationships at multiple levels of the environment: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.
believed that individuals develop within a system
ecological systems
Freudian-Biological drives that need to be satisfied + societal parameters. Propose that people move through a series if stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. Freud & Erickson most significant theorist of the psychoanalytic movement.
psychoanalytic
Pioneer of early career counseling leading to the Minnesota model that matched traits of individuals with occupations
E. G.Williamson
Father of vocational guidance
Developed a non-directive theory of counseling in the mid-twentieth century
carl rogers
school counseling, school family and community partnership-share responsibility
joyce epstein
7 specializations of counseling
Marriage, Couples, and Families Counseling
Addictions counseling
Rehabilitation counseling
Career counseling
College counseling
Clinical mental health counseling
School counseling
Individuals in School Counseling
Joyce Epstein
Jesse Davis
E.G. Williamson
Gilbert Wrenn
Norman Gybsers
father of school counseling
goal driven comprehensive kinder-12 approach
holistic development of students
Norm Gybsers
developed 6 stages of moral development
developed experiential family theraphy
Carl Whitaker
Characteristics of a counselor
Communication
Listener
Empathic
Accepting
Regulate emotions well