Counseling Skillz
_________ _________is the single best predictor of whether clients will benefit from counseling, regardless of the theoretical orientation of the counselor.
therapeutic relationship
Freudians refer to the ego as
a police officer to control the impulses from the id (instincts) and the superego (the conscience), the ego is a mediator.
What is the term for when a client is asked to yell “Stop!” in their heads until their self-defeating thoughts end.
Thought stopping
Existential therapy was pioneered by Rollo May and __________.
Vikto Frankl
In contrast with Freud, the neo-Freudians emphasized ________ _________.
Social factors
"It sounds like you feel ____ because______" is an example of which skill
reflecting
What is the difference between manifest and latent content in Freud's view of dream work
According to Freud, the dream is composed of a surface meaning, which is the manifest content, and then a hidden meaning or so-called latent content.
Name and give examples of 3 different types of distorted thinking
distorted thinking include dichotomous think-ing, selective abstraction, overgeneralization, magnification and minimization, labeling, mind reading, and negative predictions
________________ perspective in person-centered therapy, meaning that counselors focus on how clients perceive an event rather than the event itself.
phenomenological perspective.
The ultimate goal for counselors is to help clients resolve any disparities between their beliefs about themselves and reality to become psychologically adjusted and healthy.
Lifestyle, birth order, and family constellation are emphasized by
Adler
Which skill is used to informing clients about discrepancies in their words, behaviors, feelings, or nonverbal communication to increase their self-awareness so they can become more congruent.
confrontation
According to Freudians, the most important defense mechanism is
repression
Describe the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers in token economy
Generally, teachers give tokens (i.e., secondary reinforcers) to students when they behave appropriately. The tokens can then be traded in for primary reinforcers (rewards, e.g., privileges, candy, and toys)
Viktor Frankl is to logotherapy as William Glasser is to
Reality Therapy
An association that naturally exists, such as an animal salivating (an unconditioned response known as a UR or UCR) when food is presented, is called
an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Give examples of the two types of encourages, door openers and minimal encouragers.
door openers and minimal encouragers. A door opener invites the client to talk (e.g., “Tell me more about that” and “What can we talk about today that would be helpful for you?”). Minimal encouragers are one- or two-word responses made by the counselor that show the client the counselor is listening (e.g., “Uh-huh,” “I see,” “Okay,” “Right,” and “I hear you”).
Frued believed that psychological disorders stem from people’s ________ conflicts and ______ desires.
unconscious conflicts and repressed desires
In the WDEP system of reality therapy, the P stands for
Plan
Name three essential core counseling conditions of person-centered therapy
Genuineness and congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy
In Pavlov’s famous experiment using dogs, the bell was the________ and the meat was the ________
The bell was the CS; meat was the UCS
One's use of personal and social space
proxemics
Which Jungian archetype is characterized as the repressed or unknown aspects of each person.
the shadow.
What are the ABCDEs of REBT
Activating event or situation, Beliefs, Consequences, Disputation of the beliefs and Effective new approach to dealing with the problem
Give an example of paradoxical intention in a scenario where a client is lamenting that they can't stop crying
Paradoxical intention involves prescribing the symptom.
For example, if a client laments about how she cannot seem to stop crying, the counselor might tell her to try to cry all day
The most effective time interval (temporal relation) between the CS and the US
.5 or half a second