Name That Suffix/Class
The suffix --parin indicates which class of anticoagulants commonly injected subcutaneously into abdominal tissue?
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins (LMWHs)
Antiplatelet drugs like Clopidogrel and Aspirin work primarily by doing what to the platelets?
Prevent platelet aggression (clumping together)
What is the reverse antidote for unfractionated Heparin toxicity?
Protamine Sulfate
What is the most critical adverse effect a nurse must monitor for in any patient on anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy?
Bleeding (hemorrhage)
What key dietary instruction regarding green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale) must be given to a patient takin Warfarin?
Keep Vitamin K intake consistent (do not suddenly increase or eliminate)
The suffix -xaban belongs to which class of direct oral anticoagulants?
Factor Xa Inhibitors
True or False: Anticoagulants like Heparin and Warfarin dissolve existing blood cells
FALSE (They prevent new clots from forming and stop existing clots from growing, but do not dissolve them)
What lab value is routinely monitored to manage Warfarin therapy, and what is its standard therapeutic range?
PT/INR (target INR usually2.03.0)
What common side effect should the nurse inform a patient taking Filgrastim to expect as their bone marrow expands?
Bone Pain
To prevent tissue trauma and bleeding, what types of personal hygiene items should a patient on anticoagulants be advised to use?
Soft bristled toothbrush and an electric razor
The suffixes -teplase or -ase designate which high risk category of clot dissolving medications?
Thrombolytics
Thrombolytic drugs like Alteplase dissolve clots by converting trapped plasminogen into what active fibrin-cleaving enzyme?
Plasmin
What is the antidote used to reverse Warfarin toxicity?
Vitamin K (Phytonadione)
Why must the nurse monitor blood pressure closely when administered Epoetin Alfa for severe anemia?
Risk of severe Hypertension due to increased red blood cell mass and blood viscosity
Why should a patient be instructed to hold antiplatelet drugs like Clopidogrel 5 to 7 days before an elective surgery?
To prevent excessive surgical bleeding
Filgrastim belongs to which drug class that stimulates the bone marrow to produce white blood cells?
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)
Warfarin works in the liver by inhibiting the synthesis of clotting factors dependent on which vitamin?
Vitamin K
What is a sudden, steep drop in platelet count (greater than 50%) in a patient receiving heparin points to which serious immune reaction?
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Name two absolute contraindications for administering a thrombolytic agent (-teplase)
Active internal bleeding, history of hemorrhagic stroke, recent head trauma, or severe uncontrolled hypertension
How should a patient be taught to care for the injection site after administering subcutaneous Enoxaparin?
Avoid rubbing or massaging the site (to prevent bruising and hematoma formation)
Epoetin Alfa belongs to which drug class used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease?
Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents( ESAs)
Factor Xa inhibitors (-xaban) lower clot formation by directly blocking the active site of which step in the coagulation cascade?
Factor Xa
aPTT (activated Partial Thromboplastin Time)
Why should invasive procedures like urinary catheterizations or arterial punctures be avoided after starting a thrombolytic infusion?
Extreme risk of uncontrollable bleeding at puncture/trauma site.
What ring or sign in the ear should a patient taking high doses of Aspirin report as an early indicator of toxicity?
Tinnitus (ringing of the ears)