Blood types
A large variety of proteins made in response to an
antigen which it neutralizes, producing an immune
response
Alloantibodies
Determines blood compatibility for transfusion
Cross-matching
This bedside test involves adding a drop of blood to saline to differentiate between "stacking" RBCs and true antibody-mediated clumping.
Saline Agglutination Test
Unlike antibody tests which look for the body's immune response, this type of test looks for these specific foreign proteins or molecules belonging to the pathogen itself.
Antigens
This is the most clinically significant blood group in dogs, and patients are classified as either "positive" or "negative" for its antigen.
DEA 1
This feline blood type is the rarest of the three and lacks naturally occurring antibodies against the other types.
Type AB
A dog that tests negative for DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 5, and 7 is frequently referred to by this title, as their blood is least likely to cause a reaction in a random recipient.
Universal doner
This specific part of the crossmatch procedure involves mixing the donor’s RBCs with the recipient’s serum to check for hemolysis or agglutination.
Major Crossmatch
Unlike humans or cats, dogs are generally born without these, meaning a first-time transfusion is usually safe even without a cross-match.
naturally occurring antibodies
This is the most common blood type in the domestic shorthair population in the United States.
What is Type A
Cats with this blood type have strong, naturally occurring anti-A antibodies, making a transfusion of Type A blood potentially fatal.
Type B
This visible "clumping" of red blood cells during a crossmatch indicates a positive (incompatible) result and must be distinguished from Rouleaux formation using a saline flush.
Agglutination
In a Minor Crossmatch, the technician is looking for a reaction between the donor’s serum and this component of the recipient.
Recipient's Red Blood Cells
This DEA type is found in $98\%$ of the dog population; if a donor is negative for this, they are truly "universal."
DEA 4
This blood type is virtually nonexistent in Siamese, Tonkinese, and Oriental Shorthair breeds.
type B
Unlike cats, dogs generally do not possess these naturally occurring substances, making a first-time mismatched transfusion potentially safe (though not recommended).
Alloantibodies
This term describes the "strength" of an antibody-antigen reaction, often graded on a scale of $1+$ to $4+$ during macroscopic evaluation.
Tetier
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Because Type B cats have strong naturally occurring anti-A antibodies, this life-threatening event can occur if they receive even a small amount of Type A blood.
hemolytic transfusion reaction
This rare third blood type in cats expresses both A and B antigens and should only receive blood from other cats of the same type or Type A donors.
Type AB
This condition occurs when a Type B queen nurses Type A kittens, passing maternal antibodies through colostrum that destroy the kittens' red blood cells.
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
A Type B cat possesses strong, naturally occurring "Anti-A" antibodies of this immunoglobulin class, which can cause a fatal anaphylactic reaction if Type A blood is administered.
IgM
This life-threatening condition occurs in Type A or AB kittens born to Type B queens due to the ingestion of anti-A antibodies in colostrum.
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
This is the lifespan of a transfused red blood cell in a perfectly matched feline recipient.
30 days
While DEA 1 is the most reactive, this antigen is the second most likely to cause a delayed transfusion reaction.
DEA 7