Hema 1
What is the normal lab value for Hemoglobin?
Females: 12–16 g/dL (7.4–9.9 mmol/L)
Males: 14–18 g/dL (8.7–11.2 mmol/L)
Critical values: <7 g/dL or >21 g/dL
What can a bone marrow aspiration diagnose?
Cancers, anemias, or other blood disorders
What is the one of the main causes for Vitamin B12 deficiency?
Vegan diet or diet lacking protein.
What is one of the main neurological symptoms that clients would present for a diagnosis of anemia?
Fatigue
What can cause a white blood cell count greater than 10,000?
Increased levels: infection, inflammation, leukemia or steroid use
What is one educational aspect you must teach the client prior to bone marrow aspiration?
Stop anticoagulants, no fasting, local anesthetic, aspiration is uncomfortable.
List two common reasons for any type of anemia?
Dietary problems, genetic disorders, bone marrow disease, or bleeding. GI bleeding is a common reason for anemia in adults.
What is the most common reason for Iron deficiency anemia?
Menstruation
What drug affects a client's INR and can cause bleeding?
Warfarin
What is the major complication following a bone marrow aspiration?
Bleeding
What is an PTT and which drug affects this lab?
Partial thromboplastin time. Measures deficiencies in clotting factors and used for Heparin monitoring (as well as antifactor xa).
What can be ordered by the doctor if a patients INR (international normalized ratio) is above 3?
Vitamin K
What is the normal range of hematocrit?
Females: 37%–47% (0.37–0.47 volume fraction)
Males: 42%–52% (0.42–0.52 volume fraction)
Critical values: <21% or >65%
What care instructions would you give a client after a bone marrow aspiration?
No strenuous exercise, monitor site for bleeding, use ice on site, no NSAID's eg aspirin for pain relief.
Name two types of food that are high in iron?
Red meat, organ meat, egg yolks, kidney beans, leafy green vegetables, and raisins
Which anemia is a decreased number of circulating red blood cells?
Aplastic anemia
What is the normal range of platelets?
150,000–400,000/mm3 (150–400 × 109/L)
What sites on the body can a bone marrow aspiration be performed?
Iliac crest, sternum and femur.
Which type of Anemia has low serum iron and low serum ferritin?
Iron deficiency anemia
What is the treatment for pernicious anemia?
Patients who have pernicious anemia are given vitamin B12 injections weekly at first and then monthly for the rest of their lives. Oral B12 preparations and nasal spray or sublingual cobalamin preparations may be used to maintain vitamin levels after the patient’s deficiency has first been corrected by the traditional injection method.