Pathophysiology
Name the 3 elements of Virchow's Triad.
What are stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability?
What are the signs of a PE?
What are shortness of breath, chest pain, and tachycardia?
What lab measures warfarin effect?
What is INR?
What is the first step for suspected PE?
What is apply oxygen?
What's the priority for bleeding and BP 80/40?
What is initiate fluids and notify provider?
What vessel area is most prone to DVT?
What are the lower extremities?
What are signs of DVT?
What are calf pain, redness, and swelling?
What does low Hgb indicate?
What is anemia or bleeding?
How do you prevent DVT postop?
What is early ambulation?
Post-op patient shows signs of PE: what now?
What is sit up, apply oxygen, and notify rapid response?
What triggers the clotting cascade?
What is tissue factor or endothelial injury?
Name 2 signs of hemorrhage.
What are hypotension and tachycardia?
What lab is used to help rule out PE?
What is D-dimer?
Treatment for hemorrhage?
What are IV fluids and transfusion?
What to do for saturated surgical dressing?
What is apply pressure and notify provider?
How does a clot travel to cause a PE?
What is embolism through venous circulation to the lungs?
How does a GI bleed present?
What are melena and hematemesis?
What is the platelet's primary role?
What is to initiate clot formation?
What anticoagulant is used to prevent DVT?
What is enoxaparin (Lovenox)?
Warfarin patient has bleeding gums. What now?
What is hold medication and contact provider?
What are 3 risk factors for clots?
What are immobility, smoking, and surgery?
What mental change suggests internal bleeding?
What is decreased level of consciousness?
What is a normal hematocrit range?
What is 36-48% (female) or 40-54% (male)?
What should never be done to a DVT leg?
What is massage it?
Low platelets and bruising: next step?
What are bleeding precautions?