Breast Cancer
What imaging test is recommended for early detection of breast cancer?
Mammography
What shape do red blood cells take in sickle cell disease?
Crescent or sickle shape.
What is the leading risk factor for lung cancer?
Smoking.
What is the most common skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma.
What diagnostic test confirms leukemia?
Bone marrow biopsy
What genetic mutations significantly increase breast cancer risk?
BRCA1 and BRCA2.
What is the priority intervention during a vaso-occlusive crisis?
Hydration and pain management.
What screening test is recommended for high-risk patients ages 50–80 with a smoking history?
Low-dose CT scan.
What rule is used to identify cancerous skin lesions /melanoma?
The ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving).
Which leukemia is most common in children?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).
What is the most common presenting symptom of breast cancer?
A painless lump or mass.
What life-threatening complication involves fever, chest pain, cough, and hypoxia?
Acute chest syndrome.
What type of lung cancer grows rapidly and has a poor prognosis?
Small cell lung cancer.
What is a precancerous lesion that may develop into squamous cell carcinoma?
Actinic keratosis.
What chromosome abnormality is associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
Philadelphia chromosome.
Which medication is commonly used for estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer?
Tamoxifen.
What medication increases fetal hemoglobin and reduces sickling?
Hydroxyurea.
What common symptom involves coughing up blood?
Hemoptysis.
What surgical technique removes cancer layer by layer until clear margins are achieved?
Mohs surgery.
What are common symptoms of leukemia?
Fatigue, fever, recurrent infections, bleeding/bruising.
What complication may occur after lymph node dissection during breast cancer surgery?
Lymphedema.
What teaching should patients with sickle cell receive to help prevent crises?
Answer: Stay hydrated, avoid extreme temperatures, avoid high altitudes, and seek prompt care for infections.
What are paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer?
Disorders caused by tumor secretions, such as SIADH or hypercalcemia.
What environmental factor is the primary cause of skin cancer?
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
What is a serious metabolic complication that can occur after chemotherapy in leukemia?
Tumor lysis syndrome.