Anemias
Which of the following symptoms would most likely lead the nurse to suspect iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Tingling in hands and feet
B. Glossitis and fatigue
C. Jaundice and pruritus
D. Bone pain and night sweats
B
Glossitis and fatigue are hallmark signs of iron-deficiency anemia due to impaired oxygen transport.
Which hypersensitivity type is involved in allergic rhinitis and anaphylaxis?
Type I
Which MDR organism is most associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICUs?
Acinetobacter baumannii
What lab is used to assess extrinsic clotting function?
PT evaluates the extrinsic pathway.
What should the nurse prioritize when caring for a patient with thrombocytopenia?
A. Encourage ambulation
B. Avoid IM injections
C. Monitor potassium levels
D. Increase protein intake
B
Prevent bleeding by avoiding injections.
A vegan patient is most at risk for which type of anemia?
B12 is found in animal products only.
Which clinical sign suggests a Type II cytotoxic reaction?
A. Sneezing and watery eyes
B. Serum sickness
C. Hemolytic anemia after transfusion
D. Positive TB skin test
C
Classic for Type II reactions.
Which symptom is most consistent with a VRE urinary tract infection?
A. Rash
B. Back pain and urgency
C. Diarrhea
D. Skin abscess
B
VRE often causes UTIs with these symptoms.
What lab values would you expect in polycythemia?
High RBCs; excessive red cell production defines polycythemia.
A patient on neutropenic precautions should avoid:
A. Salt
B. Raw fruits and vegetables
C. Milk
D. Cooked eggs
B
Raw produce can harbor bacteria.
Which lab result is most specific to diagnosing folic acid deficiency anemia?
RBC folate is a direct indicator of folate status.
What is a hallmark feature of Type III hypersensitivity?
A. IgA-mediated allergic reaction
B. Delayed T-cell response
C. Immune complex deposition
D. Excessive histamine release
C
Complexes get trapped in tissues, causing inflammation.
Which bacterial infection can lead to toxic megacolon if untreated?
Severe C. diff can lead to fatal complications.
A patient with thrombocytopenia has which expected lab finding?
< 150,000 platelets
What intervention is most important when administering ART for HIV?
A. Give with grapefruit juice
B. Administer with high-fat meals
C. Administer on time, consistently
D. Hold if patient has a headache
C
Consistent timing is critical to viral suppression.
A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, a smooth red tongue, and reports they have been taking metformin for years. Lab work reveals macrocytic anemia. What condition does the nurse suspect?
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
A positive Mantoux test is an example of which reaction?
Type IV: Delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
What is the main concern for patients with CRE?
CRE has very limited treatment options.
An elevated MMA (methylmalonic acid) would support which diagnosis?
B12 deficiency; MMA increases when B12 is low.
Which statement by the patient with iron-deficiency anemia indicates a need for further education?
A. “I will avoid taking iron with dairy.”
B. “I’ll increase my intake of leafy greens.”
C. “I’ll take my iron at bedtime with yogurt.”
D. “I will take my iron pills on an empty stomach.”
C
Yogurt contains calcium, which inhibits absorption.
Which is a priority teaching point for a patient prescribed oral ferrous sulfate?
A. Take with milk to avoid GI upset
B. Take with antacids to reduce constipation
C. Take on an empty stomach with orange juice
D. Take at bedtime with water
C
Vitamin C enhances absorption; milk and antacids inhibit it.
Graves’ disease is an example of which hypersensitivity type?
Type V involves antibody-mediated overstimulation (like thyroid hormone production).
What is the nurse’s priority when caring for a patient with C. diff?
C. diff spores require soap and water, not alcohol gel.
What test helps differentiate between hemolytic anemia and bone marrow suppression?
Reticulocyte count indicates marrow response to anemia.
Which teaching point is essential for a patient on immunosuppressants with HIV?
A. Increase daily caloric intake
B. Avoid all vaccinations
C. Report signs of infection immediately
D. Limit fluids to avoid hyponatremia
C
Early detection of infection is crucial.