Physiology of Body Fluid
What do you call the space in between cells?
Interstitium
Does lymphatic obstruction causes pitting or non-pitting edema?
Non-pitting
Pitting edema involve what type of fluid?
Protein-poor/transudate
What converts fibrinogen to fibrin?
Thrombin
What are 2 most common clinical presentations of venous thrombosis?
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
What are two major types of solid structures in the interstitium?
Proteoglycans (sponge) and collagen (net)
What do we call the accumulation of fluid in body cavities?
Effusion
What is the most common cause of pulmonary edema?
Cardiac disease
A patient has been administered heparin, what will their test results display?
normal PT and prolonged aPTT
What is the fate of thrombus called when lysosomes digest its center?
Recanalization
If the plasma osmotic pressure exceeds interstitial fluid osmotic pressure what direction will fluid move?
Into blood aka reabsorption
increased hydrostatic pressure (hypertension) or decreased plasma oncotic pressure cause what type of edema?
extracellular edema
What are the 4 major causes of systemic edema?
Heart failure, Cirrhosis, Kidney disease, pregnancy/premenstrual
Explain how thrombin leads to clot termination/anti-coagulation?
Thrombin binds thrombomodulin which activates Protein C and S. Protein C and S inactivate clotting factors
What are the 3 components of Virchow's triad?
Endothelial injury, Hypercoagulability, Abnormal blood flow
At what end of the capillary does filtration occur?
Artery
What causes congestion?
Reduced outflow of blood from tissue due to local obstruction or heart failure
What are two ways to protect against edema?
What the key initiator of the coagulation cascade in secondary hemostasis that leads to thrombin generation?
Tissue Factor VII
10mmHg; Filtration
What do we call the condition that causes arteriolar dilation and increased blood flow leading to affected tissue turning red (erythema)?
Hyperemia
Explain how intracellular edema occurs?
low blood flow leads to Na/K/ATPase pump failure so there is increased Na and H2O in the cell
How is platelet activation inhibited in basal state?
Endothelium shields platelets from vWF and collagen.
Nitric oxide causes vasodilation which inhibits aggregation
What predominates in acute DIC?
bleeding