cardiac output
this formula is used to calculate cardiac output?
CO = HR X SV
this measurement reflects the right ventricular preload
What is CVP
after load refers to which of the following:
A. The amount of blood filling the ventricle before contraction
B. The resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
C. The strength of myocardial contraction
D. The oxygen saturation in arterial blood
B. The resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
Which formula is used to calculate MAP?
A. (SBP + DBP) ÷ 2
B. SBP − DBP
C. (SBP + 2DBP) ÷ 3
D. HR × SV
C. (SBP + 2DBP) ÷ 3
Which catheter is used to measure pulmonary artery pressures?
A. Peripheral IV
B. Central venous catheter
C. Swan-Ganz catheter
D. Arterial line
C. Swan-Ganz catheter
The normal cardiac output range in Liters per minute is?
a. 4-6 L/min
b. 2-3 L/min
c. 6-10 L/min
d. 5-8 L/min
A: 4-6 L/min
the normal CVP range is?
a. 2-8 mmHg
b. 4-9 mmHg
c. 3-8 mmHg
d. 6-10 mmHg
c. 3-8 mmHg
vasoconstriction will have what effect on after load?
A. Decrease afterload
B. No effect on afterload
C. Increase afterload
D. Decrease preload
C. Increase afterload
A patient’s MAP is 58 mmHg. Which assessment finding would you expect?
A. Warm, pink extremities
B. Increased urine output
C. Confusion or decreased level of consciousness
D. Bounding peripheral pulses
C. Confusion or decreased level of consciousness
Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) reflects preload of which ventricle?
A. Right ventricle
B. Left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Pulmonary artery
B. Left ventricle
This assessment value adjusts cardiac output for body surface ares?
the cardiac index
A CVP less than 3 mmHg indicates what condition?
a. hypertension
b. aids
c. hypervolemia
d. hypovolemia
d. hypovolemia
systemic vascular resistance represents after load for which ventricle?
A. Right ventricle
B. Left ventricle
C. Both ventricles equally
D. The atria
B. Left ventricle
A provider lowers a patient’s MAP from 95 to 65 very quickly with IV medications. Shortly after, the patient reports dizziness. What is the most likely cause?
A. The MAP is too high
B. The MAP was decreased too rapidly
C. The patient is hypervolemic
D. Stroke volume increased suddenly
B. The MAP was decreased too rapidly
For accurate arterial line readings, the transducer must be leveled at:
A. The clavicle
B. The sternum
C. The phlebostatic axis
D. The carotid artery
C. The phlebostatic axis
The normal range for cardiac index is?
a. 2-5 L/min/m^2
b. 3.3-4 L/min/m^2
c. 2.2-4 L/min/m^2
d. 3-5 L/min/m^2
c: 2.2-4 L/min/m^2
a CVP of 12 mmHg would indicate what volume status?
a. fluid overload
b. hypovolemia
c. dehydration
d. document as normal
a. fluid overload
Pulmonary vascular resistance is considered afterload for which ventricle?
A. Left ventricle
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
Systolic blood pressure represents which phase of the cardiac cycle?
A. Ventricular relaxation
B. Atrial filling
C. Ventricular contraction
D. Valve closure
C. Ventricular contraction
You are assessing a patient’s arterial line. The waveform appears dampened and the dicrotic notch is absent. The blood pressure reading is much lower than the manual cuff pressure. What is your BEST action?
A. Immediately administer vasopressors
B. Document the arterial line reading as accurate
C. Recalibrate and troubleshoot the arterial line before acting
D. Remove the arterial line
C. Recalibrate and troubleshoot the arterial line before acting
No dicrotic notch = dampened waveform = inaccurate reading.
You must troubleshoot and verify accuracy before intervening.
signs of low cardiac output include:
a. fatigue, swelling, heart palpitations
b. pale skin, dizziness, SOB, decreased LOC
c. hypertension, peripheral edema
d. JVD, crackles in lungs, orthopnea
b. pale skin, dizziness, SOB, decreased LOC
a medication that is commonly used to reduce high preload in fluid overload?
lasix - furosemide
Which condition would MOST increase afterload?
A. Vasodilation
B. Decreased blood viscosity
C. Aortic stenosis
D. Decreased blood volume
C. Aortic stenosis
A patient has a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. Based on your notes, what is the BEST interpretation?
A. The MAP is adequate for both organ and brain perfusion
B. The MAP is likely borderline and should be monitored closely
C. The MAP is dangerously high
D. The patient is automatically hemodynamically unstable
B. The MAP is likely borderline and should be monitored closely
70 is above 60 and 65, so technically adequate — but it is not generous.
It’s borderline, especially if the patient becomes symptomatic.
You are caring for a patient with an arterial line in the radial artery. Which assessment is MOST important to ensure the extremity is not compromised?
A. Monitor urine output
B. Keep a pulse oximeter on the same extremity
C. Check lung sounds
D. Assess for jugular vein distention
B. Keep a pulse oximeter on the same extremity
good to confirm the extremity has not been obstructed