Basics
What class of drug is heparin?
anticoagulant
How does heparin prevent clots?
inhibits thrombin and fibrin formation
Why should IM injections be avoided with heparin therapy?
increased bleeding risk
Main adverse effect of heparin therapy?
bleeding
What should patients avoid while on heparin?
ASA, NSAIDs, alcohol
What is the antidote for heparin?
protamine sulfate
What condition is heparin commonly used to treat?
DVT, PE, MI prevention
What should be double checked before administering heparin?
dose with another nurse
What serious immune reaction can occur with heparin?
HIT (heparin induced thrombocytopenia)
What hygiene products should be used?
soft toothbrush, electric razor
Subcutaneous or IV
Is heparin safe during pregnancy?
Yes, it does not cross the placenta
Why should a nurse avoid massaging injections sites?
causes tissue damage and bruising
What signs might indicate internal bleeding?
Tarry stools, hematuria, bleeding gums
What should patients report to their provider?
any unusual bleeding or bruising
What lab test monitors IV heparin?
aPTT
What is the onset for IV heparin?
immediate
Which lab values indicate risk for bleeding?
low platelets, prolonged aPTT
What should the nurse do if HIT is suspected?
stop heparin, notify provider
Why is regular lab monitoring important?
to maintain therapeutic levels and prevent bleeding
What is the therapeutic aPTT range?
1.5-2.5 times normal (45-75 seconds)
What is the onset for subcutaneous heparin?
20-60 minutes
What should be on hand when administering IV heparin?
protamine sulfate
What is an alternative drug for patients with HIT?
argatroban or fondaparinux
What vitamin is NOT affected by heparin (unlike warfarin)?
Vitamin K